Huang Jialu, Ding Yubo, Yao Jingwei, Zhang Minghui, Zhang Yu, Xie Zhuoyi, Zuo Jianhong
The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
Nanhua Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Mar 8;10(3):405. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10030405.
COVID-19 is still prevalent around the globe. Although some SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been distributed to the population, the shortcomings of vaccines and the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 mutant virus strains are a cause for concern. Thus, it is vital to continue to improve vaccines and vaccine delivery methods. One option is nasal vaccination, which is more convenient than injections and does not require a syringe. Additionally, stronger mucosal immunity is produced under nasal vaccination. The easy accessibility of the intranasal route is more advantageous than injection in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nanoparticles have been proven to be suitable delivery vehicles and adjuvants, and different NPs have different advantages. The shortcomings of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may be compensated by selecting or modifying different nanoparticles. It travels along the digestive tract to the intestine, where it is presented by GALT, tissue-resident immune cells, and gastrointestinal lymph nodes. Nasal nanovaccines are easy to use, safe, multifunctional, and can be distributed quickly, demonstrating strong prospects as a vaccination method for SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 variants, or SARS-CoV-n.
新冠病毒仍在全球流行。尽管一些严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗已分发至人群，但疫苗的缺点以及SARS-CoV-2突变病毒株的不断出现令人担忧。因此，继续改进疫苗和疫苗递送方法至关重要。一种选择是鼻内接种疫苗，它比注射更方便，且不需要注射器。此外，鼻内接种疫苗可产生更强的黏膜免疫力。在新冠疫情背景下，鼻内途径易于操作，比注射更具优势。纳米颗粒已被证明是合适的递送载体和佐剂，不同的纳米颗粒有不同的优势。通过选择或修饰不同的纳米颗粒，SARS-CoV-2疫苗的缺点可能会得到弥补。它沿着消化道到达肠道，在那里由肠道相关淋巴组织、组织驻留免疫细胞和胃肠道淋巴结呈递。鼻内纳米疫苗使用方便、安全、多功能且能快速分发，作为针对SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV-2变异株或SARS-CoV-n的一种接种方法显示出强大的前景。
