Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2021 Dec;1876(2):188621. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188621. Epub 2021 Aug 27.
Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is also one of the most difficult cancers to treat, resulting in almost one million deaths per year, and the danger of this cancer is compounded when the tumor is nonresectable. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and has the third highest mortality rate worldwide. Considering the morbid statistics surrounding this cancer it is a popular research topic to target for better therapy practices. This review summarizes the role of nanotechnology in these endeavors. Nanoparticles (NPs) are a very broad class of material and many different kinds have been used to potentially combat liver cancer. Gold, silver, platinum, metal oxide, calcium, and selenium NPs as well as less common materials are all inorganic NPs that have been used as a therapeutic, carrier, or imaging agent in drug delivery systems (DDS) and these efforts are described. Carbon-based NPs, including polymeric, polysaccharide, and lipid NPs as well as carbon dots, have also been widely studied for this purpose and the role they play in DDS for the treatment of liver cancer is illustrated in this review. The multifunctional nature of many NPs described herein, allows these systems to display high anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo and highlights the advantage of and need for combinatorial therapy in treating this difficult cancer. These works are summarized, and future directions are presented for this promising field.
肝癌是世界上最常见的癌症之一，也是最难治疗的癌症之一，每年导致近 100 万人死亡，当肿瘤不可切除时，这种癌症的危险性就会增加。肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的肝癌类型，其死亡率在全球范围内排名第三。考虑到这种癌症的严重统计数据，针对更好的治疗方法进行研究是一个热门的研究课题。这篇综述总结了纳米技术在这些努力中的作用。纳米粒子（NPs）是一类非常广泛的材料，已经使用了许多不同的 NPs 来潜在地对抗肝癌。金、银、铂、金属氧化物、钙和硒 NPs 以及不太常见的材料都是无机 NPs，已被用作药物递送系统（DDS）中的治疗剂、载体或成像剂，这些努力都有描述。碳基 NPs，包括聚合物、多糖和脂质 NPs 以及碳点，也被广泛研究用于此目的，本文综述了它们在 DDS 中治疗肝癌中的作用。本文所述的许多 NPs 的多功能性质使这些系统在体外和体内具有高抗癌活性，并突出了组合治疗在治疗这种难治性癌症中的优势和必要性。这些工作被总结，并为这一有前途的领域提出了未来的方向。
