Wagner Simon, Souvignet Maxime, Walz Yvonne, Balogun Kehinde, Komi Kossi, Kreft Sönke, Rhyner Jakob
United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), UN Campus Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 174, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Reg Environ Change. 2021;21(3):84. doi: 10.1007/s10113-021-01826-7. Epub 2021 Aug 25.
Flood events in West Africa have devastating impacts on the lives of people. Additionally, developments such as climate change, settlement expansion into flood-prone areas, and modification of rivers are expected to increase flood risk in the future. Policy documents have issued calls for conducting local risk assessments and understanding disaster risk in diverse aspects, leading to an increase in such research. Similarly, in a shift from flood protection to flood risk management, the consideration of various dimensions of flood risk, the necessity of addressing flood risk through an integrated strategy containing structural and non-structural measures, and the presence of residual risk are critical perspectives raised. However, the notion of "residual risk" remains yet to be taken up in flood risk management-related academic literature. This systematic review seeks to approach the notion of residual risk by reviewing information on flood impacts, common measures, and recommendations in academic literature. The review reveals various dimensions of impacts from residual flood risk aside from material damage, in particular, health impacts and economic losses. Infrastructural measures were a dominant category of measures before and after flood events and in recommendations, despite their shortcomings. Also, spatial planning interventions, a more participatory and inclusive governance approach, including local knowledge, sensitisation, and early warning systems, were deemed critical. In the absence of widespread access to insurance schemes, support from social networks after flood events emerged as the most frequent measure. This finding calls for in-depth assessments of those networks and research on potential complementary formal risk transfer mechanisms.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-021-01826-7.
西非的洪水事件对人们的生活产生了毁灭性影响。此外，诸如气候变化、向洪水易发地区的定居点扩张以及河流改造等发展趋势预计将在未来增加洪水风险。政策文件呼吁进行当地风险评估并从多方面了解灾害风险，这导致此类研究有所增加。同样，从防洪转向洪水风险管理的转变中，提出了洪水风险多维度的考量、通过包含结构性和非结构性措施的综合战略应对洪水风险的必要性以及残余风险的存在等关键观点。然而，“残余风险”的概念在洪水风险管理相关学术文献中尚未得到探讨。本系统综述旨在通过回顾学术文献中有关洪水影响、常见措施和建议的信息来探讨残余风险的概念。该综述揭示了除物质损害外，残余洪水风险影响的各个维度，特别是对健康的影响和经济损失。尽管存在缺陷，但基础设施措施在洪水事件前后及建议中都是主要的措施类别。此外，空间规划干预、一种更具参与性和包容性的治理方法，包括当地知识、宣传和预警系统，也被认为至关重要。在缺乏广泛的保险计划的情况下，洪水事件后社会网络的支持成为最常见的措施。这一发现呼吁对这些网络进行深入评估，并研究潜在的补充性正式风险转移机制。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10113-021-01826-7获取的补充材料。
