Chen Xiaoxiao, He Yongzhi, Deng Yanru
College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Aug 18;2021:1808081. doi: 10.1155/2021/1808081. eCollection 2021.
Betel nut, the fruit of L, has a long medical history in Southeast Asia. It is native to Malaysia and is cultivated and processed extensively in subtropical regions, such as South China and India. Betel nut almost appears as a "snack" in various occasions in most parts of China. Clinically, betel nut can play a certain pharmacology role and was used in malaria, ascariasis, arthritis, enterozoic abdominalgia, stagnation of food, diarrhea, edema, and beriberi. The nervous excitement of betel nut chewing has made it gradually become popular. However, chewing betel nut can induce oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) and oral cancer (OC). At the same time, long-term chewing of betel nut also causes inhaled asthma, sperm reducing, betel quid dependence (BQD), and uterine and esophageal cancers. The main components of processed betel nut are the goal of this review. This study will mainly start from the pharmacological activity and toxicology study of betel nut in recent years, aiming to seek its advantages and disadvantages. In the meantime, this study will analyze and emphasize that betel nut and arecoline are the high-risk factors for oral cancer, which should arouse attention and vigilance of the public.
槟榔是棕榈科植物的果实，在东南亚有着悠久的药用历史。它原产于马来西亚，在中国南方和印度等亚热带地区广泛种植和加工。在中国大部分地区，槟榔几乎在各种场合都作为一种“小吃”出现。临床上，槟榔能发挥一定的药理作用，曾用于治疗疟疾、蛔虫病、关节炎、肠道寄生虫腹痛、食积、腹泻、水肿和脚气病。嚼食槟榔带来的神经兴奋使其逐渐流行起来。然而，嚼食槟榔会诱发口腔黏膜下纤维化（OSF）和口腔癌（OC）。同时，长期嚼食槟榔还会引发吸入性哮喘、精子减少、槟榔咀嚼物依赖（BQD）以及子宫癌和食管癌。加工槟榔的主要成分是本综述的研究对象。本研究将主要从近年来槟榔的药理活性和毒理学研究入手，旨在探寻其利弊。与此同时，本研究将分析并强调槟榔和槟榔碱是口腔癌的高危因素，应引起公众的关注和警惕。
