Capon Tim R, Garner Michael G, Tapsuwan Sorada, Roche Sharon, Breed Andrew C, Liu Shuang, Miller Corissa, Bradhurst Richard, Hamilton Sam
CSIRO Land & Water, Acton, ACT, Australia.
CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Acton, ACT, Australia.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Aug 11;8:648003. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.648003. eCollection 2021.
This study examines the potential for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control strategies that incorporate vaccination to manage FMD spread for a range of incursion scenarios across Australia. Stakeholder consultation was used to formulate control strategies and incursion scenarios to ensure relevance to the diverse range of Australian livestock production regions and management systems. The Australian Animal Disease Spread model (AADIS) was used to compare nine control strategies for 13 incursion scenarios, including seven control strategies incorporating vaccination. The control strategies with vaccination differed in terms of their approaches for targeting areas and species. These strategies are compared with two benchmark strategies based on stamping out only. Outbreak size and duration were compared in terms of the total number of infected premises, the duration of the control stage of an FMD outbreak, and the number of vaccinated animals. The three key findings from this analysis are as follows: (1) smaller outbreaks can be effectively managed by stamping out without vaccination, (2) the size and duration of larger outbreaks can be significantly reduced when vaccination is used, and (3) different vaccination strategies produced similar reductions in the size and duration of an outbreak, but the number of animals vaccinated varied. Under current international standards for regaining FMD-free status, vaccinated animals need to be removed from the population at the end of the outbreak to minimize trade impacts. We have shown that selective, targeted vaccination strategies could achieve effective FMD control while significantly reducing the number of animals vaccinated.
本研究考察了一系列适用于澳大利亚不同入侵情况的口蹄疫防控策略的潜力，这些策略采用疫苗接种来控制口蹄疫的传播。通过与利益相关者进行磋商来制定防控策略和入侵情况，以确保其与澳大利亚多样化的畜牧生产地区和管理系统相关。利用澳大利亚动物疾病传播模型（AADIS）对13种入侵情况下的9种防控策略进行比较，其中包括7种采用疫苗接种的防控策略。采用疫苗接种的防控策略在针对区域和物种的方式上有所不同。这些策略与仅基于扑杀的两种基准策略进行比较。从感染场所总数、口蹄疫疫情控制阶段的持续时间以及接种疫苗的动物数量方面，对疫情规模和持续时间进行比较。该分析得出的三个主要结论如下：（1）小规模疫情可通过不接种疫苗的扑杀方式有效控制；（2）使用疫苗接种时，大规模疫情的规模和持续时间可显著缩短；（3）不同的疫苗接种策略在疫情规模和持续时间的缩减方面效果相似，但接种疫苗的动物数量有所不同。根据当前恢复无口蹄疫状态的国际标准，疫情结束时需将接种疫苗的动物从种群中移除，以尽量减少对贸易的影响。我们已表明，选择性、针对性的疫苗接种策略可实现对口蹄疫的有效控制，同时大幅减少接种疫苗的动物数量。
