Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia.
Health Sciences Research Unit, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 15;19(16):10060. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191610060.
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern with an alarming global growth rate. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Saudi Arabia ranks seventh in the world and second in the Middle East for the largest estimated burden of diabetic cases. Evidence shows that pharmacist-led care programs can be beneficial for the effective treatment of diabetes mellitus. Current study was aimed to evaluate the impact of Pharmacist-Based Diabetic Intervention (PDIM) for Type 2 Diabetes patients on knowledge of the disease, adherence to medications and self-care practices during the first wave of COVID-19. A multi-arm pre-post study was conducted among type 2 diabetic patients from April to October 2021 in Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. Patients were randomly divided into an intervention and a control group. The intervention group received the PDIM, whereas the control group only received the usual care. The pharmacist-based diabetes intervention model consisted of a diabetic educational module and medication improvement strategies. Furthermore, the intervention group also received specific telepharmacy services (calls, messages or emails) to address their medication-related problems, inquire about medication adherence and follow-up. At the end of six months, disease knowledge, self-care practices, and medication adherence score were analyzed. Furthermore, HbA1c and lipid profile were also compared. A total of 109 patients were included in the study. A significant difference was observed in the knowledge score between the intervention and control group (16.89 ± 2.01 versus 15.24 ± 2.03, p-value < 0.001). Similarly, self-care practices also improved in the intervention group as compared to the control group (4.39 ± 1.10 versus 3.16 ± 0.97, p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, the medication adherence and HbA1c significantly improved during between the group analysis (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrates that pharmacist-based diabetes intervention model is effective in improving patients’ knowledge of diabetes, self-care practices, medication adherence and glycemic control.
2 型糖尿病是一个主要的公共卫生关注点，其在全球范围内呈惊人的增长趋势。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，沙特阿拉伯在全球糖尿病病例负担最大的国家中排名第七，在中东地区排名第二。有证据表明，药剂师主导的护理方案对 2 型糖尿病的有效治疗可能是有益的。本研究旨在评估药师主导的糖尿病干预（PDIM）对 2 型糖尿病患者在 COVID-19 第一波期间对疾病知识、药物依从性和自我护理实践的影响。2021 年 4 月至 10 月，在沙特阿拉伯 Sakaka 对 2 型糖尿病患者进行了一项多臂前后研究。患者被随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组接受 PDIM，而对照组仅接受常规护理。基于药剂师的糖尿病干预模式包括糖尿病教育模块和药物改善策略。此外，干预组还接受了特定的远程药学服务（电话、信息或电子邮件），以解决他们的药物相关问题、询问药物依从性并进行随访。在六个月结束时，分析了疾病知识、自我护理实践和药物依从性评分。此外，还比较了 HbA1c 和血脂谱。共有 109 名患者纳入研究。干预组和对照组之间的知识评分存在显著差异（16.89 ± 2.01 与 15.24 ± 2.03，p 值<0.001）。同样，与对照组相比，干预组的自我护理实践也有所改善（4.39 ± 1.10 与 3.16 ± 0.97，p 值<0.001）。此外，组间分析显示药物依从性和 HbA1c 显著改善（p<0.05）。我们的研究表明，基于药剂师的糖尿病干预模式可有效提高患者对糖尿病的知识、自我护理实践、药物依从性和血糖控制。
