Zhang Li, Liu Yu-Song, Wu Yun-Fei, Fu Qi-Ya
School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical College. Haikou 571101, China. E-mail:
Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2021 Jun;30(3):237-242.
To investigate the effect of chitosan oligosaccharide on alveolar bone resorption, Th17/Treg balance and OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway in rats with periodontitis.
Rat model of periodontitis was established, and the periodontitis rats were randomly divided into model group, low-dose chitosan oligosaccharide group, middle-dose chitosan oligosaccharide group, high-dose chitosan oligosaccharide group and metronidazole group, with 12 rats in each group, another 12 rats were set as control group. After treatment, gingival index and alveolar bone absorption were evaluated. H-E staining was used to observe the pathological changes of periodontal tissues. The ratio of Th17/Treg cells in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry, the levels of serum IL-17, TGF-β, RANKL and OPG were detected by ELISA, and the expressions of OPG and RANKL mRNA in periodontal tissues of rats in each group were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR). SPSS 24.0 software package was used to analyze the data.
Compared with the control group, the periodontal tissue of the model group showed periodontal membrane fiber bundle rupture, disordered arrangement, capillary expansion, proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration and other pathological damage. Gingival index, alveolar bone resorption value, Th17/Treg ratio, serum RANKL and IL-17 levels, and periodontal RANKL mRNA level were significantly increased(P<0.05), while the levels of serum OPG, TGF-β and OPG mRNA in periodontal tissues were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the pathological damage of periodontal tissue in the low-middle-and high-dose chitosan oligosaccharide groups and metronidazole group was reduced; gingival index, alveolar bone resorption value, Th17/Treg ratio, serum RANKL and IL-17 levels, and periodontal RANKL mRNA level were significantly decreased(P<0.05), while the levels of serum OPG, TGF-β and OPG mRNA in periodontal tissues were significantly increased(P<0.05); there was a dose-dependent relationship between the chitosan oligosaccharide groups, and there was no significant difference between the high-dose chitosan oligosaccharide group and metronidazole group(P>0.05).
Chitosan oligosaccharide can promote Th17/Treg balance to return to normal, up-regulate OPG expression, down-regulate RANKL expression, inhibit alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis rats and improve their clinical symptoms.
探讨壳寡糖对牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨吸收、Th17/Treg平衡及OPG/RANKL/RANK通路的影响。
建立大鼠牙周炎模型，将牙周炎大鼠随机分为模型组、低剂量壳寡糖组、中剂量壳寡糖组、高剂量壳寡糖组和甲硝唑组，每组12只，另设12只大鼠作为对照组。治疗后，评估牙龈指数和牙槽骨吸收情况。采用苏木精-伊红（H-E）染色观察牙周组织的病理变化。通过流式细胞术检测外周血中Th17/Treg细胞比例，采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法检测血清白细胞介素-17（IL-17）、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）、核因子κB受体活化因子配体（RANKL）和骨保护素（OPG）水平，采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测各组大鼠牙周组织中OPG和RANKL mRNA的表达。使用SPSS 24.0软件包进行数据分析。
与对照组相比，模型组牙周组织出现牙周膜纤维束断裂、排列紊乱、毛细血管扩张、增生、炎性细胞浸润等病理损伤。牙龈指数、牙槽骨吸收值、Th17/Treg比例、血清RANKL和IL-17水平以及牙周组织中RANKL mRNA水平显著升高（P<0.05），而血清OPG、TGF-β水平及牙周组织中OPG mRNA水平显著降低（P<0.05）。与模型组相比，低、中、高剂量壳寡糖组和甲硝唑组牙周组织的病理损伤减轻；牙龈指数、牙槽骨吸收值、Th17/Treg比例、血清RANKL和IL-17水平以及牙周组织中RANKL mRNA水平显著降低（P<0.05），而血清OPG、TGF-β水平及牙周组织中OPG mRNA水平显著升高（P<0.05）；壳寡糖组之间存在剂量依赖关系，高剂量壳寡糖组与甲硝唑组之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
壳寡糖可促进Th17/Treg平衡恢复正常，上调OPG表达，下调RANKL表达，抑制牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨吸收并改善其临床症状。
