Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
J Infect Public Health. 2021 Sep;14(9):1274-1278. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.030. Epub 2021 Aug 28.
The COVID-19 pandemic remains an immediate and present concern, yet as of now there is still no approved therapeutic available for the treatment of COVID-19.This study aimed to investigate and report evidence concerning demographic characteristics and currently-used medications that contribute to the ultimate outcomes of COVID-19 ICU patients.
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among all COVID-19 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Asir Central Hospital in Saudi Arabia between the 1st and 30th of June 2020. Data extracted from patients' medical records included their demographics, home medications, medications used to treat COVID-19, treatment durations, ICU stay, hospital stay, and ultimate outcome (recovery or death).Descriptive statistics and regression modelling were used to analyze and compare the results. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committees at both Asir Central Hospital and King Khalid University.
A total of 118 patients with median age of 57 years having definite clinical and disease outcomes were included in the study. Male patients accounted for 87% of the study population, and more than 65% experienced at least one comorbidity. The mean hospital and ICU stay was 11.4 and 9.8 days, respectively. The most common drugs used were tocilizumab (31.4%), triple combination therapy (45.8%), favipiravir (56.8%), dexamethasone (86.7%), and enoxaparin (83%). Treatment with enoxaparin significantly reduced the length of ICU stay (p = 0.04) and was found to be associated with mortality reduction in patients aged 50-75 (p = 0.03), whereas the triple regimen therapy and tocilizumab significantly increased the length of ICU stay in all patients (p = 0.01, p = 0.02 respectively).
COVID-19 tends to affect males more significantly than females. The use of enoxaparin is an important part of COVID-19 treatment, especially for those above 50 years of age, while the use of triple combination therapy and tocilizumab in COVID-19 protocols should be reevaluated and restricted to patients who have high likelihood of benefit.
COVID-19 大流行仍然是当前的一个紧迫问题，但到目前为止，还没有批准的治疗方法可用于治疗 COVID-19。本研究旨在调查和报告与 COVID-19 ICU 患者最终结局相关的人口统计学特征和当前使用的药物的证据。
这是一项在沙特阿拉伯阿西尔中央医院 ICU 中于 2020 年 6 月 1 日至 30 日期间进行的 COVID-19 患者回顾性队列研究。从患者病历中提取的数据包括他们的人口统计学特征、家庭用药、用于治疗 COVID-19 的药物、治疗持续时间、ICU 住院时间、住院时间和最终结局（康复或死亡）。使用描述性统计和回归模型来分析和比较结果。该研究得到了阿西尔中央医院和哈立德国王大学的机构伦理委员会的批准。
共纳入 118 例具有明确临床和疾病结局的患者，中位年龄为 57 岁。男性患者占研究人群的 87%，超过 65%的患者至少有一种合并症。平均住院和 ICU 住院时间分别为 11.4 天和 9.8 天。最常用的药物是托珠单抗（31.4%）、三联疗法（45.8%）、法维拉韦（56.8%）、地塞米松（86.7%）和依诺肝素（83%）。依诺肝素的治疗显著缩短了 ICU 住院时间（p=0.04），并发现其与 50-75 岁患者的死亡率降低有关（p=0.03），而三联疗法和托珠单抗在所有患者中显著增加了 ICU 住院时间（p=0.01，p=0.02）。
COVID-19 似乎更显著地影响男性。依诺肝素的使用是 COVID-19 治疗的重要组成部分，尤其是对于 50 岁以上的患者，而 COVID-19 方案中三联疗法和托珠单抗的使用应重新评估，并限制在极有可能受益的患者中使用。
