Fatima Tehreem, Mentel Grzegorz, Doğan Buhari, Hashim Zeeshan, Shahzad Umer
School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 China.
Asian Demographic Research Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China.
Environ Dev Sustain. 2022;24(6):8397-8417. doi: 10.1007/s10668-021-01789-z. Epub 2021 Aug 29.
This study explores the effects of renewable and nonrenewable energy demand on export product diversification, economic growth, natural resources, human capital, and trade in GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries using data of six countries from 1990 to 2019. The empirical analysis integrates the panel unit root tests (IPS and CIPS), panel quantile regression, and fully modified OLS models. The empirical results confirm that there exists a significant negative relationship between renewable energy and export diversification; signifying that diversification of products will reduce renewable energy. Similarly, when compared to the square of export product diversification, it shows a positive and significant correlation. The empirical findings highlighted the presence of Kuznets's hypothesis between export product diversification, renewable, and non-renewable energy consumption. Furthermore, the findings suggest that natural resources and economic growth may increase overall energy consumption in GCC countries. It implies an important policy suggestion that encouraging export diversification will reduce GCC countries' reliance on oil to meet energy demand.
本研究利用1990年至2019年六个国家的数据，探讨可再生能源和不可再生能源需求对海湾合作委员会（GCC）国家出口产品多样化、经济增长、自然资源、人力资本和贸易的影响。实证分析整合了面板单位根检验（IPS和CIPS）、面板分位数回归和完全修正OLS模型。实证结果证实，可再生能源与出口多样化之间存在显著的负相关关系；这表明产品多样化将减少可再生能源。同样，与出口产品多样化的平方相比，它显示出正相关且显著相关。实证结果突出了库兹涅茨假说在出口产品多样化、可再生能源和不可再生能源消费之间的存在。此外，研究结果表明，自然资源和经济增长可能会增加海湾合作委员会国家的总体能源消耗。这意味着一项重要的政策建议，即鼓励出口多样化将减少海湾合作委员会国家对石油的依赖以满足能源需求。
