抗击新冠疫情一线医护人员职业倦怠的患病率及相关因素：来自中国的证据
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Burnout of Frontline Healthcare Workers in Fighting Against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From China.
作者信息
Zhang Xin, Wang Jiahui, Hao Yanhua, Wu Ke, Jiao Mingli, Liang Libo, Gao Lijun, Ning Ning, Kang Zheng, Shan Linghan, He Wenfeng, Wang Yongchen, Wu Qunhong, Yin Wenqiang
机构信息
Centre of Health Policy & Management, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Health Management College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2021 Aug 16;12:680614. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.680614. eCollection 2021.
OBJECTIVES
The sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) plunged healthcare workers (HCWs) into warfare. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout and the factors associated with it among frontline HCWs fighting COVID-19.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among frontline HCWs fighting against the COVID-19 in Wuhan, Harbin, and Shenzhen during the period from February 18 to March 4. Finally, HCWs were recruited using cluster sampling, 1,163 HCWs were included in the final analysis. Burnout was measured using a 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory scale (MBI scale).
RESULTS
Of the participants, 48.6% suffered from burnout, and 21.8% showed a high degree of burnout. Doctors ( = 3.954, = 0.011) and nurses ( = 3.067, = 0.042) showed higher emotional exhaustion (EE) than administrators. Participants who worked continuously for more than 8 h a day ( = 3.392, = 0.000), those who were unable to eat three regular daily meals ( = 2.225, = 0.008), whose daily water intake was no more than 800 ml ( = 3.007, = 0.000), who slept for no more than 6 h ( = 1.609, = 0.036), and who were infected or had colleagues who were infected with COVID-19 ( = 4.182, = 0.000) experienced much higher levels of EE, while those who could adhere to infection control procedures ( = -5.992, = 0.000), who were satisfied with their hospital's infection control measures( = -3.709, = 0.001), and who could receive sufficient psychological crisis intervention ( = -1.588, = 0.039) reported lower levels of EE.
CONCLUSION
The study reveals that burnout is prevalent among frontline HCWs and that the known factors associated with burnout, such as workload, and the factors directly associated with COVID-19, such as having insufficient protection, can affect burnout symptoms in frontline HCWs. Synergized and comprehensive interventions should be targeted at reducing its occurrence among frontline HCWs fighting COVID-19.
目的
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的突然爆发使医护人员陷入了这场战斗。本研究旨在确定在抗击COVID-19的一线医护人员中职业倦怠的患病率及其相关因素。
方法
于2月18日至3月4日期间，对武汉、哈尔滨和深圳抗击COVID-19的一线医护人员进行了横断面调查。最后，采用整群抽样法招募医护人员，最终纳入1163名医护人员进行分析。使用22项的马氏职业倦怠量表（MBI量表）来测量职业倦怠。
结果
在参与者中，48.6%的人存在职业倦怠，21.8%的人表现出高度职业倦怠。医生（χ² = 3.954，P = 0.011）和护士（χ² = 3.067，P = 0.042）的情感耗竭（EE）程度高于行政人员。每天连续工作超过8小时的参与者（χ² = 3.392，P = 0.000）、无法保证一日三餐规律进食的参与者（χ² = 2.225，P = 0.008）、每日饮水量不超过800毫升的参与者（χ² = 3.007，P = 0.000）、睡眠时间不超过6小时的参与者（χ² = 1.609，P = 0.036）以及感染了COVID-19或有同事感染了COVID-19的参与者（χ² = 4.182，P = 0.000）的EE水平要高得多，而能够坚持感染控制程序的参与者（χ² = -5.992，P = 0.000）、对医院感染控制措施满意的参与者（χ² = -3.709，P = 0.001）以及能够获得充分心理危机干预的参与者（χ² = -1.588，P = 0.039）报告的EE水平较低。
结论
该研究表明，职业倦怠在一线医护人员中普遍存在，与职业倦怠相关的已知因素，如工作量，以及与COVID-19直接相关的因素，如防护不足，都会影响一线医护人员的职业倦怠症状。应采取协同和全面的干预措施，以减少在抗击COVID-19的一线医护人员中职业倦怠的发生。
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