Luma Melo
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), BST West 11th Floor, Suite 1116-17, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Toxicol Res (Camb). 2021 Jul 30;10(4):902-910. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfab075. eCollection 2021 Aug.
Since the toxicology field was established, women have played a critical role in it. This article is written to celebrate the 20-year anniversary of the Special Interest Group for Women in Toxicology, affiliated with the Society of Toxicology. Six female pioneers in modern Toxicology from different social classes and education backgrounds are featured. Despite these differences, they overcame similar obstacles in gender, politics, and scientific barriers to disseminate their research. This discussion will start with Ellen Swallow Richards, who, besides being the pioneer in sanitary engineering, founded the home economics movement that applied science to the home. The discussion will continue with Alice Hamilton, a contributor to occupational health, a pioneer in the field of industrial toxicology, and an example of generosity to social movements and those in need. Subsequently, the most famous woman we discuss in this paper is Rachel Carson, whose fundamental work in environmental Toxicology is evidenced in her important book . This article also features Elizabeth Miller, a biochemist known for her fundamental research in cancer carcinogenesis, followed by Mary Amdur. Nowadays much of what we know about air pollution comes due to Mary, who paid from her own pocket for her experimental animals to investigate Donora smog pollutants and their health damages. And last but not least Elizabeth Weisburger, a chemist who made significant contributions in carcinogenesis and chemotherapy drugs who worked for 40 years at the National Cancer Institute. Here, we discuss the aforementioned women's careers and personal struggles that transformed toxicology into the field we know now.
自毒理学领域创立以来，女性在其中发挥了关键作用。本文旨在庆祝毒理学学会下属的女性毒理学特别兴趣小组成立20周年。文中介绍了六位来自不同社会阶层和教育背景的现代毒理学领域的女性先驱。尽管存在这些差异，但她们在性别、政治和科学障碍方面克服了类似的困难，以传播她们的研究成果。本次讨论将从埃伦·斯沃洛·理查兹开始，她不仅是卫生工程学的先驱，还创立了将科学应用于家庭的家政运动。讨论将继续介绍爱丽丝·汉密尔顿，她是职业健康的贡献者、工业毒理学领域的先驱，也是对社会运动和有需要的人慷慨相助的典范。随后，我们在本文中讨论的最著名的女性是蕾切尔·卡森，她在环境毒理学方面的基础性工作在她的重要著作中得到了体现。本文还介绍了伊丽莎白·米勒，一位以癌症致癌作用基础研究而闻名的生物化学家，接着是玛丽·阿姆杜尔。如今我们对空气污染的许多了解都归功于玛丽，她自掏腰包购买实验动物，以研究多诺拉烟雾污染物及其对健康的损害。最后但同样重要的是伊丽莎白·魏斯伯格，一位在致癌作用和化疗药物方面做出重大贡献的化学家，她在国家癌症研究所工作了40年。在这里，我们将讨论上述女性的职业生涯和个人奋斗历程，正是这些使毒理学转变为我们如今所熟知的领域。
