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一名14个月大儿童的中枢神经系统感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2:一例完整尸检的病例报告

SARS-CoV-2 infection of the central nervous system in a 14-month-old child: A case report of a complete autopsy.

作者信息

Gomes Ismael, Karmirian Karina, Oliveira Júlia T, Pedrosa Carolina da S G, Mendes Mayara Abud, Rosman Fernando Colonna, Chimelli Leila, Rehen Stevens

机构信息

Anatomic Pathology Service, Jesus Municipal Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

出版信息

Lancet Reg Health Am. 2021 Oct;2:100046. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100046. Epub 2021 Aug 28.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Neurological and other systemic complications occur in adults with severe COVID-19. Here we describe SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by neuroinvasion in the tissues of a child.

METHODS

We performed a complete autopsy of a 14-month-old child who died of COVID-19 pneumonitis. Histological sections of multiple organs were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Luxol fast blue staining for myelin and immunohistochemistry were performed in selected areas of the brain. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by immunostaining with anti-spike protein antibody and by RT-qPCR.

FINDINGS

Lesions included microthrombosis, pulmonary congestion, interstitial oedema, lymphocytic infiltrates, bronchiolar injury, collapsed alveolar spaces, cortical atrophy, and severe neuronal loss. SARS-CoV-2 staining was observed along the apical region of the choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium and in ependymal cells of the lateral ventricle, but was restricted to ChP capillaries and vessels in some regions. SARS-CoV-2 infection of brain tissue was confirmed by RT-qPCR in fragments of the ChP, lateral ventricle, and cortex.

INTERPRETATION

Our results show multisystemic histopathological alterations caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and contribute to knowledge regarding the course of fatal COVID-19 in children. Furthermore, our findings of ChP infection and viral neurotropism suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may invade the central nervous system by blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier disruption.

FUNDING

Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Supporting Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), in addition to intramural grants from D'Or Institute for Research and Education.

EDITOR'S NOTE: This translation in Portuguese was submitted by the authors and we reproduce it as supplied. It has not been peer reviewed. Our editorial processes have only been applied to the original abstract in English, which should serve as reference for this manuscript.

RESUMO

Complicações sistêmicas e neurológicas foram descritas em adultos com COVID-19 grave. Neste trabalho, descrevemos a infecção por SARS-CoV-2, incluindo sua neuroinvasão, nos tecidos de uma criança.

MÉTODOS: Realizamos a autópsia completa de uma criança de 14 meses que morreu de pneumonite por COVID-19. Cortes histológicos de múltiplos órgãos foram corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina. A coloração de Luxol Fast Blue para mielina e imuno-histoquímica foram realizadas em áreas selecionadas do cérebro. A presença de SARS-CoV-2 foi investigada por imunomarcação com anticorpo anti-proteína spike e por RT-qPCR.

ACHADOS

As lesões incluíram microtrombose, congestão pulmonar, edema intersticial, infiltrados linfocíticos, lesão bronquiolar, colapso dos espaços alveolares, atrofia cortical e perda neuronal grave. A presença de SARS-CoV-2 foi observada ao longo da região apical do epitélio do plexo coróide (PC) e nas células ependimárias do ventrículo lateral, mas ficou restrita aos capilares e vasos do PC em outras regiões. A infecção do tecido cerebral por SARS-CoV-2 foi confirmada por RT-qPCR em fragmentos do PC, ventrículo lateral e cortex cerebral.

INTERPRETAÇÃO: Nossos resultados mostram alterações histopatológicas multissistêmicas causadas pela infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e contribuem para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a evolução da COVID-19 fatal em crianças. Além disso, nossos achados sobre a infecção no PC e neurotropismo viral sugerem que o SARS-CoV-2 pode invadir o sistema nervoso central pela ruptura da barreira sangue-líquido cefalorraquidiano.

FINANCIAMENTO

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) e Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), além de financiamento intramural do Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Educação.

摘要

背景

患有重症新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的成人会出现神经及其他全身并发症。在此,我们描述一名儿童组织中出现神经侵袭并发症的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染情况。

方法

我们对一名死于COVID-19肺炎的14个月大儿童进行了完整尸检。多个器官的组织切片用苏木精和伊红染色。在大脑的选定区域进行髓磷脂的Luxol固蓝染色和免疫组织化学检查。通过抗刺突蛋白抗体免疫染色和逆转录定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测SARS-CoV-2的存在情况。

结果

病变包括微血栓形成、肺充血、间质水肿、淋巴细胞浸润、细支气管损伤、肺泡腔塌陷、皮质萎缩和严重的神经元丢失。在脉络丛(ChP)上皮的顶端区域和侧脑室的室管膜细胞中观察到SARS-CoV-2染色,但在某些区域仅限于ChP毛细血管和血管。通过RT-qPCR在ChP、侧脑室和皮质的片段中证实了脑组织的SARS-CoV-2感染。

解读

我们的结果显示了SARS-CoV-2感染引起的多系统组织病理学改变,并有助于了解儿童致命性COVID-19的病程。此外,我们关于ChP感染和病毒嗜神经性的发现表明,SARS-CoV-2可能通过血脑脊液屏障破坏侵入中枢神经系统。

资金支持

里约热内卢州支持研究的卡洛斯·夏加斯·菲略基金会(FAPERJ);国家科学技术发展委员会(CNPq)和高等教育人员改进协调办公室(CAPES),以及来自D'Or研究与教育研究所的内部资助。

编者注

本文作者提交了葡萄牙语译文版本,我们按提交内容原样转载。该译文未经同行评审。我们的编辑流程仅适用于英文原文摘要,英文原文摘要应作为本稿件的参考。

摘要

已有文献报道患有重症COVID-19的成人出现全身和神经并发症。在本研究中,我们描述了一名儿童组织中的SARS-CoV-2感染情况,包括其神经侵袭。

方法

我们对一名死于COVID-19肺炎的14个月大儿童进行了完整尸检。多个器官的组织切片用苏木精和伊红染色。在大脑的选定区域进行髓磷脂的Luxol固蓝染色和免疫组织化学检查。通过抗刺突蛋白抗体免疫染色和RT-qPCR检测SARS-CoV-2的存在情况。

结果

病变包括微血栓形成、肺充血、间质水肿、淋巴细胞浸润、细支气管损伤、肺泡腔塌陷、皮质萎缩和严重的神经元丢失。在脉络丛(PC)上皮的顶端区域和侧脑室的室管膜细胞中观察到SARS-CoV-2染色,但在其他区域仅限于PC的毛细血管和血管。通过RT-qPCR在PC、侧脑室和大脑皮质的片段中证实了脑组织的SARS-CoV-2感染。

解读

我们的结果显示了SARS-CoV-2感染引起的多系统组织病理学改变,并有助于扩大对儿童致命性COVID-19病程的认识。此外,我们关于PC感染和病毒嗜神经性的发现表明,SARS-CoV-2可能通过血脑脊液屏障破坏侵入中枢神经系统。

资金支持

里约热内卢州研究支持基金会(FAPERJ);国家科学技术发展委员会(CNPQ)和高等教育人员素质提升协调办公室(CAPES),以及来自D'Or研究与教育研究所的内部资助。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/83e4/9903995/05882507bc58/gr1.jpg

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