Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA.
Phytochemistry. 2021 Nov;191:112925. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112925. Epub 2021 Sep 3.
Physalins, including physalins and neophysalins, are a class of highly oxygenated ergostane-type steroids. They are commonly known by the name of 16,24-cyclo-13,14-seco steroids, in which the disconnection of C-13 and C-14 produces an eight or nine-membered ring and the carbocyclization of C-16 and C-24 generates a new six-membered ring. Meanwhile, the oxidation of C-18 methyl to carboxyl group forms a 18,20-lactone, and the oxidation of C-14 and C-17 gets a heterocyclic oxygen acrossing rings C and D. Additionly, physalins frequently form an oxygen bridge to connect C-14 to C-27. Physalins are a kind of characteristic constituents from the species of the genus Physalis (Solanaceae), which are reported with a wide array of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, antimicrobial, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal, antinociceptive, antidiabetic and some other activities. Herein,the research progress of physalins from the genus Physalis during the decade from 1970 to 2021 on phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and application in China are systematically presented and discussed for the first time.
甾族化合物，包括甾族化合物和新甾族化合物，是一类高度氧化的麦角甾烷型甾体。它们通常被称为 16,24-环 13,14-裂甾体，其中 C-13 和 C-14 的断开产生一个八或九个成员的环，C-16 和 C-24 的碳环化生成一个新的六元环。同时，C-18 甲基氧化为羧基形成 18,20-内酯，C-14 和 C-17 的氧化得到一个杂环氧跨环 C 和 D。此外，甾族化合物经常形成一个氧桥，将 C-14 与 C-27 连接起来。甾族化合物是茄科（Solanaceae）酸浆属（Physalis）物种中的一种特征成分，具有广泛的药理活性，包括抗癌、抗炎、免疫调节、抗菌、杀锥虫和杀利什曼原虫、镇痛、抗糖尿病和其他一些活性。本文首次系统地综述和讨论了 1970 年至 2021 年这十年间酸浆属中甾族化合物在植物化学、药理学、药代动力学以及在中国的应用方面的研究进展。
