Rodríguez-Andrade Ernesto, Cano-Lira José F, Wiederhold Nathan, Pérez-Cantero Alba, Guarro Josep, Stchigel Alberto M
Mycology Unit, Medical School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
IMA Fungus. 2021 Sep 7;12(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s43008-021-00075-x.
The fungi of the order Onygenales can cause important human infections; however, their taxonomy and worldwide occurrence is still little known. We have studied and identified a representative number of clinical fungi belonging to that order from a reference laboratory in the USA. A total of 22 strains isolated from respiratory tract (40%) and human skin and nails (27.2%) showed a malbranchea-like morphology. Six genera were phenotypically and molecularly identified, i.e. Auxarthron/Malbranchea (68.2%), Arachnomyces (9.1%), Spiromastigoides (9.1%), and Currahmyces (4.5%), and two newly proposed genera (4.5% each). Based on the results of the phylogenetic study, we synonymized Auxarthron with Malbranchea, and erected two new genera: Pseudoarthropsis and Pseudomalbranchea. New species proposed are: Arachnomyces bostrychodes, A. graciliformis, Currahmyces sparsispora, Malbranchea gymnoascoides, M. multiseptata, M. stricta, Pseudoarthropsis crassispora, Pseudomalbranchea gemmata, and Spiromastigoides geomycoides, along with a new combination for Malbranchea gypsea. The echinocandins showed the highest in vitro antifungal activity against the studied isolates, followed by terbinafine and posaconazole; in contrast, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and 5-fluorocytosine were less active or lacked in vitro activity against these fungi.
爪甲团囊菌目真菌可引起重要的人类感染；然而，它们的分类学及在全球的分布情况仍鲜为人知。我们从美国一家参考实验室研究并鉴定了该目具有代表性数量的临床真菌。从呼吸道分离出的22株菌株（40%）以及从人类皮肤和指甲分离出的菌株（27.2%）呈现出类似马尔布兰奇霉菌的形态。通过表型和分子鉴定确定了6个属，即辅助节担菌属/马尔布兰奇霉菌属（68.2%）、蛛形菌属（9.1%）、螺旋鞭毛菌属（9.1%）和库拉霉菌属（4.5%），以及两个新提出的属（各4.5%）。基于系统发育研究结果，我们将辅助节担菌属与马尔布兰奇霉菌属视为同义词，并建立了两个新属：拟节担菌属和假马尔布兰奇霉菌属。提出的新物种有：博斯特里科德蛛形菌、纤细蛛形菌、稀疏孢库拉霉菌、裸囊马尔布兰奇霉菌、多隔马尔布兰奇霉菌、严格马尔布兰奇霉菌、厚壁孢拟节担菌、宝石假马尔布兰奇霉菌、地生螺旋鞭毛菌，以及为吉普赛马尔布兰奇霉菌提出的新组合。棘白菌素类药物对所研究的分离株显示出最高的体外抗真菌活性，其次是特比萘芬和泊沙康唑；相比之下，两性霉素B、氟康唑、伊曲康唑和5-氟胞嘧啶活性较低或对这些真菌缺乏体外活性。
