Morin Renée, Goulet Nicholas, Mauger Jean-François, Imbeault Pascal
School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Hôpital Montfort, Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Front Physiol. 2021 Aug 23;12:730935. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730935. eCollection 2021.
Hypoxia is a condition during which the body or specific tissues are deprived of oxygen. This phenomenon can occur in response to exposure to hypoxic environmental conditions such as high-altitude, or because of pathophysiological conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea. Circumstances such as these can restrict supply or increase consumption of oxygen, leading to oxyhemoglobin desaturation and tissue hypoxia. In certain cases, hypoxia may lead to severe health consequences such as an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A potential explanation for the link between hypoxia and an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases lies in the disturbing effect of hypoxia on circulating blood lipids, specifically its capacity to increase plasma triglyceride concentrations. Increased circulating triglyceride levels result from the production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, such as very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons, exceeding their clearance rate. Considerable research in murine models reports that hypoxia may have detrimental effects on several aspects of triglyceride metabolism. However, in humans, the mechanisms underlying the disturbing effect of hypoxia on triglyceride levels remain unclear. In this mini-review, we outline the available evidence on the physiological responses to hypoxia and their impact on circulating triglyceride levels. We also discuss mechanisms by which hypoxia affects various organs involved in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. This information will benefit scientists and clinicians interested in the mechanistic of the regulatory cascade responsible for the response to hypoxia and how this response could lead to a deteriorated lipid profile and an increased risk of developing hypoxia-related health consequences.
缺氧是指机体或特定组织缺氧的一种状态。这种现象可能是由于暴露于低氧环境条件（如高海拔）而发生，也可能是由于病理生理状况（如阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停）所致。诸如此类情况会限制氧气供应或增加氧气消耗，导致氧合血红蛋白饱和度降低和组织缺氧。在某些情况下，缺氧可能会导致严重的健康后果，如患心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的风险增加。缺氧与心血管疾病风险增加之间联系的一个潜在解释在于缺氧对循环血脂的干扰作用，特别是其增加血浆甘油三酯浓度的能力。循环甘油三酯水平升高是由于富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白（如极低密度脂蛋白和乳糜微粒）的产生超过其清除率所致。对小鼠模型的大量研究报告称，缺氧可能会对甘油三酯代谢的多个方面产生不利影响。然而，在人类中，缺氧对甘油三酯水平产生干扰作用的潜在机制仍不清楚。在本综述中，我们概述了关于缺氧生理反应及其对循环甘油三酯水平影响的现有证据。我们还讨论了缺氧影响参与富含甘油三酯脂蛋白代谢的各个器官的机制。这些信息将使对负责缺氧反应的调节级联机制以及这种反应如何导致脂质谱恶化和缺氧相关健康后果风险增加感兴趣的科学家和临床医生受益。
