Timon Rafael, Martinez-Guardado Ismael, Brocherie Franck
Sport Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Extremadura, Av/ Universidad s/n, 10004, Cáceres, Spain.
BRABE Group. Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, Universidad de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain.
Sports Med Open. 2023 Feb 26;9(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s40798-023-00560-0.
Aging is a degenerative process that is associated with an increased risk of diseases. Intermittent hypoxia has been investigated in reference to performance and health-related functions enhancement. This systematic review aimed to summarize the effect of either passive or active intermittent normobaric hypoxic interventions compared with normoxia on health-related outcomes in healthy older adults.
Relevant studies were searched from PubMed and Web of Science databases in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (since their inceptions up until August 9, 2022) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) randomized controlled trials, clinical trials and pilot studies; (2) Studies involving humans aged > 50 years old and without any chronic diseases diagnosed; (3) interventions based on in vivo intermittent systemic normobaric hypoxia exposure; (4) articles focusing on the analysis of health-related outcomes (body composition, metabolic, bone, cardiovascular, functional fitness or quality of life). Cochrane Collaboration recommendations were used to assess the risk of bias.
From 509 articles initially found, 17 studies were included. All interventions were performed in moderate normobaric hypoxia, with three studies using passive exposure, and the others combining intermittent hypoxia with training protocols (i.e., using resistance-, whole body vibration- or aerobic-based exercise).
Computed results indicate a limited effect of passive/active intermittent hypoxia (ranging 4-24 weeks, 2-4 days/week, 16-120 min/session, 13-16% of fraction of inspired oxygen or 75-85% of peripheral oxygen saturation) compared to similar intervention in normoxia on body composition, functional fitness, cardiovascular and bone health in healthy older (50-75 years old) adults. Only in specific settings (i.e., intermediate- or long-term interventions with high intensity/volume training sessions repeated at least 3 days per week), may intermittent hypoxia elicit beneficial effects. Further research is needed to determine the dose-response of passive/active intermittent hypoxia in the elderly.
PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022338648.
衰老是一个与疾病风险增加相关的退行性过程。间歇性低氧已被研究用于提高运动表现和与健康相关的功能。本系统评价旨在总结被动或主动间歇性常压低氧干预与常氧相比，对健康老年人与健康相关结局的影响。
根据PRISMA指南（从数据库建立至2022年8月9日），在PubMed和Web of Science数据库中检索相关研究，纳入标准如下：（1）随机对照试验、临床试验和试点研究；（2）研究对象为年龄大于50岁且未诊断出任何慢性病的人群；（3）基于体内间歇性全身常压低氧暴露的干预措施；（4）关注与健康相关结局（身体成分、代谢、骨骼、心血管、功能适应性或生活质量）分析的文章。采用Cochrane协作网推荐的方法评估偏倚风险。
从最初检索到的509篇文章中，纳入了17项研究。所有干预均在中度常压低氧条件下进行，3项研究采用被动暴露，其他研究将间歇性低氧与训练方案相结合（即采用抗阻训练、全身振动训练或有氧运动）。
计算结果表明，与常氧下的类似干预相比，被动/主动间歇性低氧（持续4 - 24周，每周2 - 4天，每次16 - 120分钟，吸入氧分数为13 - 16%或外周血氧饱和度为75 - 85%）对健康老年（50 - 75岁）成年人的身体成分、功能适应性、心血管和骨骼健康的影响有限。仅在特定情况下（即每周至少3天重复进行高强度/大运动量训练的中期或长期干预），间歇性低氧可能产生有益效果。需要进一步研究以确定老年人被动/主动间歇性低氧的剂量反应关系。
PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022338648。
