Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine.
Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York.
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2021 Sep;16(5):886-892. doi: 10.1177/17456916211000760.
With the increased desire to engage in antiracist clinical research, there is a need for shared nomenclature on racism and related constructs to help move the science forward. This article breaks down the factors that contributed to the development and maintenance of racism (including racial microaggressions), provides examples of the many forms of racism, and describes the impact of racism for all. Specifically, in the United States, racism is based on race, a social construct that has been used to categorize people on the basis of shared physical and social features with the assumption of a racial hierarchy presumed to delineate inherent differences between groups. Racism is a system of beliefs, practices, and policies that operate to advantage those at the top of the racial hierarchy. Individual factors that contribute to racism include racial prejudices and racial discrimination. Racism can be manifested in multiple forms (e.g., cultural, scientific, social) and is both explicit and implicit. Because of the negative impact of racism on health, understanding racism informs effective approaches for eliminating racial health disparities, including a focus on the social determinants of health. Providing shared nomenclature on racism and related terminology will strengthen clinical research and practice and contribute to building a cumulative science.
随着人们越来越希望参与反种族主义临床研究，我们需要就种族主义和相关概念达成共识，以推动这一领域的科学研究。本文深入探讨了种族主义形成和延续的原因（包括隐性种族歧视），举例说明了多种形式的种族主义，并描述了种族主义对所有人的影响。具体而言，在美国，种族主义基于种族这一社会建构，该概念依据人们共有的身体和社会特征对人群进行分类，并假定种族等级制度划分了群体之间固有的差异。种族主义是一种信仰、实践和政策体系，旨在使处于种族等级制度顶层的人受益。导致种族主义的个体因素包括种族偏见和种族歧视。种族主义可以以多种形式（例如文化、科学、社会）表现出来，并且具有显性和隐性的特征。由于种族主义对健康有负面影响，因此了解种族主义有助于制定消除种族健康差异的有效方法，包括关注健康的社会决定因素。提供关于种族主义和相关术语的共识将加强临床研究和实践，并有助于建立累积科学。
