Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Kifissia, Greece.
Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Research to Practice Group, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Sep 9;15(9):e0009631. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009631. eCollection 2021 Sep.
This systematic review aims to assess how different urbanisation patterns related to rapid urban growth, unplanned expansion, and human population density affect the establishment and distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and create favourable conditions for the spread of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses.
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, WHO Library Database (WHOLIS), Google Scholar, and and the Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS) databases. From a total of 523 identified studies, 86 were selected for further analysis, and 29 were finally analysed after applying all inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main explanatory variables used to associate urbanisation with epidemiological/entomological outcomes were the following: human population density, urban growth, artificial geographical space, urban construction, and urban density. Associated with the lack of a global definition of urbanisation, several studies provided their own definitions, which represents one of the study's limitations. Results were based on 8 ecological studies/models, 8 entomological surveillance studies, 7 epidemiological surveillance studies, and 6 studies consisting of spatial and predictive models. According to their focus, studies were categorised into 2 main subgroups, namely "Aedes ecology" and "transmission dynamics." There was a consistent association between urbanisation and the distribution and density of Aedes mosquitoes in 14 of the studies and a strong relationship between vector abundance and disease transmission in 18 studies. Human population density of more than 1,000 inhabitants per square kilometer was associated with increased levels of arboviral diseases in 15 of the studies.
The use of different methods in the included studies highlights the interplay of multiple factors linking urbanisation with ecological, entomological, and epidemiological parameters and the need to consider a variety of these factors for designing effective public health approaches.
本系统评价旨在评估与快速城市增长、无规划扩张和人口密度相关的不同城市化模式如何影响埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊的建立和分布，并为登革热、基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒的传播创造有利条件。
根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，使用 PubMed、虚拟健康图书馆、Cochrane、世界卫生组织图书馆数据库（WHOLIS）、谷歌学术和信息共享机构知识库（IRIS）数据库进行了系统评价。从总共 523 项确定的研究中，选择了 86 项进行进一步分析，最后在应用所有纳入和排除标准后，分析了 29 项研究。用于将城市化与流行病学/昆虫学结果相关联的主要解释变量如下：人口密度、城市增长、人工地理空间、城市建设和城市密度。由于缺乏全球城市化定义，一些研究提供了自己的定义，这是研究的局限性之一。结果基于 8 项生态研究/模型、8 项昆虫监测研究、7 项流行病学监测研究和 6 项包含空间和预测模型的研究。根据其重点，研究分为 2 个主要亚组，即“埃及伊蚊生态学”和“传播动力学”。有 14 项研究一致表明城市化与埃及伊蚊的分布和密度之间存在关联，有 18 项研究表明媒介丰度与疾病传播之间存在强关联。在 15 项研究中，人口密度超过每平方公里 1000 人时，与虫媒病毒病的水平升高有关。
纳入研究中使用的不同方法突出了城市化与生态、昆虫学和流行病学参数之间相互作用的多种因素，并需要考虑多种因素来设计有效的公共卫生方法。
