Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
Penn State University, Harrisburg, PA 17057, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 25;18(17):8922. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18178922.
Sociodemographic factors such as age, race, education, family income, and sex have been reported to influence COVID-related perceptions, reflected by knowledge, stress, and preventive behavior. We conducted a US-based survey to estimate the difference in COVID-related perceptions among diverse sociodemographic groups and the influence of sociodemographic heterogeneity on COVID-related perceptions. The survey enquired about sociodemographic parameters and relevant information to measure knowledge, stress, and preventive behavior. COVID-perception scores among sociodemographic subgroups were compared with ANOVA (Bonferroni). The general linear model (GLM) was used to estimate the association among sociodemographic factors and COVID-related perceptions. Females (75%) and White participants (78%) were the predominant (N = 3734). Females, White participants, wealthy, and educated participants demonstrated better knowledge, while participants of minority races, younger ages, low incomes, and females experienced high stress. Females, African-Americans, and educated participants better adopted preventive behaviors. Race, family income, and sex were the highest contributors to the predictive model. Sociodemographic determinants had statistically significant associations with knowledge (F-score = 7.72, < 0.001; foremost predictor: race), stress (F-score = 16.46, < 0.001; foremost predictor: income), and preventive behavior (GLM: F-score = 7.72, < 0.001, foremost predictor: sex). Sociodemographic heterogeneity significantly influenced COVID-related perceptions, while race, family income, and sex were the strongest determinants of COVID-related perceptions.
社会人口因素，如年龄、种族、教育程度、家庭收入和性别，据报道会影响与 COVID 相关的认知，反映在知识、压力和预防行为上。我们进行了一项基于美国的调查，以估计不同社会人口群体之间与 COVID 相关的认知差异，以及社会人口异质性对与 COVID 相关的认知的影响。该调查询问了社会人口统计学参数和相关信息，以衡量知识、压力和预防行为。使用方差分析（Bonferroni）比较社会人口统计学亚组之间的 COVID 认知得分。使用一般线性模型（GLM）估计社会人口统计学因素与与 COVID 相关的认知之间的关联。女性（75%）和白人参与者（78%）占主导地位（N=3734）。女性、白人参与者、富裕和受过教育的参与者表现出更好的知识，而少数族裔、年轻、低收入和女性参与者则经历了更高的压力。女性、非裔美国人和受过教育的参与者更好地采取了预防措施。种族、家庭收入和性别是预测模型的最高贡献者。社会人口统计学决定因素与知识（F 分数=7.72，<0.001；最重要的预测因素：种族）、压力（F 分数=16.46，<0.001；最重要的预测因素：收入）和预防行为（GLM：F 分数=7.72，<0.001，最重要的预测因素：性别）具有统计学显著关联。社会人口统计学异质性显著影响与 COVID 相关的认知，而种族、家庭收入和性别是与 COVID 相关的认知的最强决定因素。
