Blaga Alexandra Cristina, Zaharia Carmen, Suteu Daniela
Department of Organic, Biochemical and Food Engineering, 'Cristofor Simionescu' Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environment Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 73 D. Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, 'Cristofor Simionescu' Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environment Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 73 D. Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Aug 27;13(17):2893. doi: 10.3390/polym13172893.
The use of biosorbents for the decontamination of industrial effluent (e.g., wastewater treatment) by retaining non-biodegradable pollutants (antibiotics, dyes, and heavy metals) has been investigated in order to develop inexpensive and effective techniques. The exacerbated water pollution crisis is a huge threat to the global economy, especially in association with the rapid development of industry; thus, the sustainable reuse of different treated water resources has become a worldwide necessity. This review investigates the use of different natural (living and non-living) microbial biomass types containing polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids (natural polymers) as biosorbents in free and immobilized forms. Microbial biomass immobilization performed by using polymeric support (i.e., polysaccharides) would ensure the production of efficient biosorbents, with good mechanical resistance and easy separation ability, utilized in different effluents' depollution. Biomass-based biosorbents, due to their outstanding biosorption abilities and good efficiency for effluent treatment (concentrated or diluted solutions of residuals/contaminants), need to be used in industrial environmental applications, to improve environmental sustainability of the economic activities. This review presents the most recent advances related the main polymers such as polysaccharides and microbial cells used for biosorbents production; a detailed analysis of the biosorption capability of algal, bacterial and fungal biomass; as well as a series of specific applications for retaining metal ions and organic dyes. Even if biosorption offers many advantages, the complexity of operation increased by the presence of multiple pollutants in real wastewater combined with insufficient knowledge on desorption and regeneration capacity of biosorbents (mostly used in laboratory scale) requires more large-scale biosorption experiments in order to adequately choose a type of biomass but also a polymeric support for an efficient treatment process.
为了开发廉价且有效的技术，人们已经研究了使用生物吸附剂通过截留不可生物降解的污染物（抗生素、染料和重金属）来净化工业废水（如污水处理）。日益加剧的水污染危机对全球经济构成了巨大威胁，尤其是随着工业的快速发展；因此，不同处理后水资源的可持续再利用已成为全球的必然需求。本综述研究了以游离和固定化形式使用的不同天然（有生命和无生命）微生物生物质类型，这些生物质含有多糖、蛋白质和脂质（天然聚合物）作为生物吸附剂。通过使用聚合物载体（即多糖）进行微生物生物质固定化，将确保生产出高效的生物吸附剂，具有良好的机械抗性和易于分离的能力，可用于不同废水的去污处理。基于生物质的生物吸附剂，由于其出色的生物吸附能力和对废水处理（残留/污染物的浓缩或稀释溶液）的良好效率，需要用于工业环境应用中，以提高经济活动的环境可持续性。本综述介绍了与用于生产生物吸附剂的主要聚合物（如多糖和微生物细胞）相关的最新进展；对藻类、细菌和真菌生物质的生物吸附能力进行了详细分析；以及一系列用于截留金属离子和有机染料的具体应用。即使生物吸附具有许多优点，但实际废水中多种污染物的存在增加了操作的复杂性，再加上对生物吸附剂（大多用于实验室规模）的解吸和再生能力了解不足，这就需要进行更多的大规模生物吸附实验，以便充分选择一种生物质类型以及一种聚合物载体来实现高效的处理过程。
