Muñoz-Sanz Juan José, Jiménez-Palomares María, Garrido-Ardila Elisa María, Rodríguez-Mansilla Juan
Merida University Center (Badajoz), Department of Nursing, Extremadura University, 06800 Badajoz, Spain.
ADOLOR Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Aug 27;13(17):4331. doi: 10.3390/cancers13174331.
Currently, we are beginning to observe a stabilisation and even a decrease in breast cancer mortality in the world, which may be related, among other reasons, to breast cancer screening.
The objective of this study was to analyse the different reasons why women do not participate in the Breast Cancer Early Detection Programme in Extremadura (Spain) and to discuss the results, offering possible tools to improve the screening programs. This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. A questionnaire with 14 questions was carried out by telephone or mail.
A total of 3970 questionnaires were collected. However, only 2507 were valid. A total of 70.36% of young and educated women underwent mammographic controls. The type of women who did not attend the screening programme appointment corresponded to a woman of approximately 60 years of age, with no formal studies, married, with children, who does not work outside their home and who lived in the health area of Badajoz. Among the main reasons for not going to the appointment, 53.9% of the women surveyed indicated that they had check-ups with their gynaecologist, and this specialist referred them for a mammograph. These women were younger and have a higher level of education. Women with a lower educational level and older women did not have any mammography done and did not undergo screening. They indicated that they did not go to the appointment because they were afraid of having a mammography (44%) or because they did not receive the appointment in time (31.6%). A total of 26.9% of the women who did not attend the appointment for other reasons stated that they had problems in attending because they had a physical limitation (dependency).
Women who did not participate in the breast cancer screening programme in Extremadura had low educational levels and were older women. Specifically, fear of having a mammogram was the main argument raised by these women. In addition, a small group stated that they did not consider mammography to be useful. At present and in the future, good quality screening programs must be carried out to contribute to the reduction in breast cancer mortality. Furthermore, enhancing the participation of women is essential to increase the attendance rate and, therefore, the success of the screening programmes.
目前，我们开始观察到全球乳腺癌死亡率趋于稳定甚至有所下降，这可能与乳腺癌筛查等多种因素有关。
本研究的目的是分析西班牙埃斯特雷马杜拉地区女性不参加乳腺癌早期检测项目的不同原因，并讨论结果，提供可能改善筛查项目的工具。这是一项观察性、描述性、横断面和回顾性研究。通过电话或邮件发放了一份包含14个问题的问卷。
共收集到3970份问卷。然而，仅有2507份有效。共有70.36%的年轻且受过教育的女性接受了乳房X光检查。未参加筛查项目预约的女性类型大致为60岁左右，未接受过正规教育，已婚，有子女，不在家工作，居住在巴达霍斯健康区的女性。在未赴约的主要原因中，53.9%的受访女性表示她们会去看妇科医生并接受检查，且该专科医生会推荐她们进行乳房X光检查。这些女性更年轻且受教育程度更高。受教育程度较低的女性和年龄较大的女性未进行任何乳房X光检查，也未接受筛查。她们表示未赴约是因为害怕进行乳房X光检查（44%）或未及时收到预约通知（31.6%）。共有26.9%因其他原因未赴约的女性表示，她们因身体受限（存在依赖）而难以赴约。
在埃斯特雷马杜拉未参加乳腺癌筛查项目的女性受教育程度较低且年龄较大。具体而言，害怕进行乳房X光检查是这些女性提出的主要理由。此外，一小部分人表示她们认为乳房X光检查无用。目前及未来，必须开展高质量的筛查项目以降低乳腺癌死亡率。此外，提高女性的参与度对于提高就诊率以及筛查项目的成功率至关重要。
