Kim Daniel Seung, Wheeler Matthew T, Ashley Euan A
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nat Rev Genet. 2022 Jan;23(1):40-54. doi: 10.1038/s41576-021-00400-5. Epub 2021 Sep 14.
Human physiology is likely to have been selected for endurance physical activity. However, modern humans have become largely sedentary, with physical activity becoming a leisure-time pursuit for most. Whereas inactivity is a strong risk factor for disease, regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic disease and mortality. Although substantial epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of exercise, comparatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms through which these effects operate. Genetic and genomic analyses have identified genetic variation associated with human performance and, together with recent proteomic, metabolomic and multi-omic analyses, are beginning to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity on human health.
人类生理学可能是为耐力体力活动而进化选择的。然而，现代人类大多久坐不动，体力活动对大多数人而言已成为一种休闲活动。缺乏运动是引发疾病的一个重要风险因素，而定期进行体育锻炼则可降低慢性病风险和死亡率。虽然大量流行病学证据支持运动的有益效果，但对于这些效果产生作用的分子机制，我们了解得相对较少。基因和基因组分析已经确定了与人类体能相关的基因变异，并且与近期的蛋白质组学、代谢组学及多组学分析一起，开始阐明体育活动对人类健康产生有益影响的分子遗传机制。
