Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, UK, SE1 7EH.
School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, UK, HU6 7RX.
Theranostics. 2021 Aug 7;11(18):8706-8737. doi: 10.7150/thno.57004. eCollection 2021.
Smart theranostics are dynamic platforms that integrate multiple functions, including at least imaging, therapy, and responsiveness, in a single agent. This review showcases a variety of responsive theranostic agents developed specifically for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), due to the privileged position this non-invasive, non-ionising imaging modality continues to hold within the clinical imaging field. Different MRI smart theranostic designs have been devised in the search for more efficient cancer therapy, and improved diagnostic efficiency, through the increase of the local concentration of therapeutic effectors and MRI signal intensity in pathological tissues. This review explores novel small-molecule and nanosized MRI theranostic agents for cancer that exhibit responsiveness to endogenous (change in pH, redox environment, or enzymes) or exogenous (temperature, ultrasound, or light) stimuli. The challenges and obstacles in the design and application of responsive theranostics are also discussed to guide future research in this interdisciplinary field towards more controllable, efficient, and diagnostically relevant smart theranostics agents.
智能治疗诊断一体化系统是一种将多种功能（至少包括成像、治疗和响应性）集成在单一制剂中的动态平台。由于这种非侵入性、非电离成像方式在临床成像领域继续占据着得天独厚的地位，因此本综述重点介绍了专门为磁共振成像（MRI）开发的各种响应性治疗诊断一体化制剂。不同的 MRI 智能治疗诊断一体化设计旨在通过增加治疗效应器和病理组织中 MRI 信号强度的局部浓度，寻求更有效的癌症治疗和提高诊断效率。本综述探讨了新型小分子和纳米级 MRI 治疗诊断一体化制剂在癌症方面的应用，这些制剂对内源性（pH 值、氧化还原环境或酶的变化）或外源性（温度、超声或光）刺激具有响应性。还讨论了设计和应用响应性治疗诊断一体化制剂所面临的挑战和障碍，以指导这一跨学科领域的未来研究朝着更可控、高效和具有诊断相关性的智能治疗诊断一体化制剂方向发展。
