Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 1;34(5):510-518. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000752.
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common invasive bacterial pathogen infecting children in the U.S. and many parts of the world. This major human pathogen continues to evolve, and recognition of recent trends in epidemiology, therapeutics and future horizons is of high importance.
Over the past decade, a relative rise of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) has occurred, such that methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) no longer dominates the landscape of invasive disease. Antimicrobial resistance continues to develop, however, and novel therapeutics or preventive modalities are urgently needed. Unfortunately, several recent vaccine attempts proved unsuccessful in humans.
Recent scientific breakthroughs highlight the opportunity for novel interventions against S. aureus by interfering with virulence rather than by traditional antimicrobial mechanisms. A S. aureus vaccine remains elusive; the reasons for this are multifactorial, and lessons learned from prior unsuccessful attempts may create a path toward an effective preventive. Finally, new diagnostic modalities have the potential to greatly enhance clinical care for invasive S. aureus disease in children.
金黄色葡萄球菌是美国和世界许多地区侵袭性细菌性病原体感染儿童的最常见病原体。这种主要的人类病原体不断进化，因此，认识到流行病学、治疗学和未来发展趋势的最新趋势非常重要。
在过去十年中，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）的相对比例上升，因此耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）不再主导侵袭性疾病的发生。然而，抗生素耐药性仍在不断发展，迫切需要新的治疗方法或预防手段。不幸的是，最近几项疫苗尝试在人类中均未成功。
最近的科学突破为通过干扰毒力而不是通过传统的抗菌机制来对抗金黄色葡萄球菌提供了新的干预机会。金黄色葡萄球菌疫苗仍然难以实现；造成这种情况的原因是多方面的，从以前不成功的尝试中吸取的经验教训可能会为有效的预防措施开辟一条道路。最后，新的诊断方法有可能极大地提高儿童侵袭性金黄色葡萄球菌病的临床护理水平。
