Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Nov;28(43):60383-60405. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16139-9. Epub 2021 Sep 17.
Salinity is one of the major causes of abiotic stress that leads to a reduction in crop yield. One strategy to alleviate and improve crop yield is to use halophytes. These types of plants naturally produce bioactive secondary metabolites, proteins, carbohydrates, and biopolymers that are involved in specialized physiological adaptation mechanisms to alleviate soil salinity. These traits could be leveraged and, in turn, be the focus of future breeding programs aimed to improve salinity resistance in traditional crops. Recently, the field of nanotechnology has gained the attention of researchers involved in agricultural science and associated disciplines. However, information on salinity tolerance mechanisms of halophytes, based on nanoparticles in agricultural crop plants, is limited. Recently, the use of selected halophytic-based nanoparticles has shown to improve crop performance by enhancing the plants' ion flux, improving water efficiency, root hydraulic movement in the favor of plant photosynthesis, the production of proteins involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, and hormonal signaling pathways under stress. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the application of halophytic nanoparticles in alleviating salt stress in plants by understanding the mechanisms of plant growth, water relation, ion flux, photosynthesis, and the antioxidant defense system. This review also addresses uncertainties, ecotoxicological concerns, and associated drawbacks of nanoparticles on the environment. Future research perspectives with respect to the sustainable usage of nanoparticles in saline agriculture have also been presented.
盐度是导致作物减产的非生物胁迫的主要原因之一。缓解和提高作物产量的一种策略是利用盐生植物。这些植物自然产生生物活性的次生代谢物、蛋白质、碳水化合物和生物聚合物，这些物质参与专门的生理适应机制，以减轻土壤盐度。这些特性可以被利用，并且可以成为未来旨在提高传统作物耐盐性的育种计划的重点。最近，纳米技术领域引起了从事农业科学和相关学科的研究人员的关注。然而，基于农业作物中纳米颗粒的盐生植物耐盐性机制的信息有限。最近，使用选定的盐生植物基纳米颗粒已被证明通过增强植物的离子通量、提高水效率、有利于植物光合作用的根系水力运动、参与氧化还原反应的蛋白质的产生、活性氧（ROS）解毒以及在胁迫下的激素信号通路来改善作物性能。因此，本综述的目的是通过了解植物生长、水分关系、离子通量、光合作用和抗氧化防御系统的机制，强调盐生植物纳米颗粒在缓解植物盐胁迫中的应用。本综述还解决了纳米颗粒对环境的不确定性、生态毒理学问题和相关缺点。还提出了关于在盐渍农业中可持续使用纳米颗粒的未来研究展望。
