Division Health and Performance, Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute for Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2022 Jan;32(1):94-105. doi: 10.1111/sms.14050. Epub 2021 Sep 26.
Beneficial acute effects of resistance exercise on cognitive functions may be modified by exercise intensity or by habitual physical activity. Twenty-six participants (9 female and 17 male; 25.5 ± 3.4 years) completed four resistance exercise interventions in a randomized order on separate days (≥48 h washout). The intensities were set at 60%, 75%, and 90% of the one repetition maximum (1RM). Three interventions had matched workloads (equal resistancen ). One intervention applied 75% of the 1RM and a 50% reduced workload (resistancen = 50%). Cognitive attention (Trail Making Test A-TMTA), task switching (Trail Making Test B-TMTB), and working memory (Digit Reading Spans Backward) were assessed before and immediately after exercise. Habitual activity was assessed as MET hours per week using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. TMTB time to completion was significantly shorter after exercise with an intensity of 60% 1RM and 75% 1RM and 100% workload. Friedman test indicated a significant effect of exercise intensity in favor of 60% 1RM. TMTA performance was significantly shorter after exercise with an intensity of 60% 1RM, 90% 1RM, and 75% 1RM (50% workload). Habitual activity with vigorous intensity correlated positively with the baseline TMTB and Digit Span Forward performance but not with pre- to post-intervention changes. Task switching, based on working memory, mental flexibility, and inhibition, was beneficially influenced by acute exercise with moderate intensity whereas attention performance was increased after exercise with moderate and vigorous intensity. The effect of regular activity had no impact on acute exercise effects.
抗阻运动对认知功能的有益急性影响可能会受到运动强度或习惯性体力活动的影响。26 名参与者（9 名女性和 17 名男性；25.5±3.4 岁）在不同的日子里（≥48 小时洗脱期）以随机顺序完成了四项抗阻运动干预。强度设定为 1RM 的 60%、75%和 90%。三次干预具有相同的工作量（相同的阻力n）。一次干预应用 1RM 的 75%和减少 50%的工作量（阻力n=50%）。在运动前和运动后立即评估认知注意力（连续动作测试 A-TMTA）、任务转换（连续动作测试 B-TMTB）和工作记忆（数字阅读倒背广度）。使用国际体力活动问卷评估习惯性活动，以代谢当量小时/周表示。TMTB 完成时间在 60% 1RM 和 75% 1RM 强度以及 100%工作量的运动后明显缩短。Friedman 检验表明，运动强度的影响具有显著意义，有利于 60% 1RM。TMTA 表现也在 60% 1RM、90% 1RM 和 75% 1RM（50%工作量）强度的运动后明显缩短。高强度的习惯性活动与基线 TMTB 和数字广度向前表现呈正相关，但与干预前后的变化无关。基于工作记忆、心理灵活性和抑制的任务转换，在中等强度的急性运动中受到有益影响，而注意力表现则在中等和高强度的运动后提高。有规律的活动的影响对急性运动效果没有影响。
