Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Int J Epidemiol. 2022 Jun 13;51(3):870-884. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab196.
Both parental and neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES) are linked to poorer health independently of personal SES measures, but the biological mechanisms are unclear. Our objective was to examine these influences via epigenetic age acceleration (EAA)-the discrepancy between chronological and epigenetic ages.
We examined three USA-based [Coronary Artery Risk Disease in Adults (CARDIA) study, Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) and Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS)] and one Mexico-based (Project Viva) cohort. DNA methylation was measured using Illumina arrays, personal/parental SES by questionnaire and neighbourhood disadvantage from geocoded address. In CARDIA, we examined the most strongly associated personal, parental and neighbourhood SES measures with EAA (Hannum's method) at study years 15 and 20 separately and combined using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) and compared with other EAA measures (Horvath's EAA, PhenoAge and GrimAge calculators, and DunedinPoAm).
EAA was associated with paternal education in CARDIA [GEEs: βsome college = -1.01 years (-1.91, -0.11) and β<high school = 1.05 (0.09, 2.01) vs college graduates] and FFCWS [GEEs: β<high school = 0.62 (0.00, 1.24)]. We found stronger associations for some paternal education categories among White adults (for GEE, βsome college = -1.39 (-2.41, -0.38)], men (βsome college = -1.76 (-3.16, -0.35)] and women [β<high school = 1.77 (0.42, 3.11)].
These findings suggest that EAA captures epigenetic impacts of paternal education independently of personal SES later in life. Longitudinal studies should explore these associations at different life stages and link them to health outcomes. EAA could be a useful biomarker of SES-associated health and provide important insight into the pathogenesis and prevention of chronic disease.
父母和邻里的社会经济地位（SES）与个人 SES 指标独立相关，与较差的健康状况有关，但生物学机制尚不清楚。我们的目的是通过表观遗传年龄加速（EAA）- 即实际年龄和表观遗传年龄之间的差异来检验这些影响。
我们检查了三个美国队列（成人冠状动脉风险研究（CARDIA）、脆弱家庭和儿童福利研究（FFCWS）和肥胖、生长、环境和社会压力源计划研究（PROGRESS））和一个墨西哥队列（Viva 项目）。使用 Illumina 阵列测量 DNA 甲基化，使用问卷测量个人/父母 SES，使用地理编码地址测量邻里劣势。在 CARDIA 中，我们分别在研究年 15 年和 20 年时使用广义估计方程（GEE）检查与 EAA 最密切相关的个人、父母和邻里 SES 指标，并将其与其他 EAA 指标（Horvath 的 EAA、PhenoAge 和 GrimAge 计算器以及 DunedinPoAm）进行比较。
EAA 与 CARDIA 中的父亲教育有关[GEEs：β 大专= -1.01 岁（-1.91，-0.11）和β<高中= 1.05 岁（0.09，2.01）与大学毕业生]和 FFCWS[GEEs：β<高中= 0.62 岁（0.00，1.24）]。我们发现，在白种成年人（GEE，β 大专= -1.39 岁（-2.41，-0.38）、男性（β 大专= -1.76 岁（-3.16，-0.35）和女性[β<高中= 1.77 岁（0.42，3.11））中，某些父亲教育类别的相关性更强。
这些发现表明，EAA 可以独立于个人 SES 捕获父亲教育对生命后期的表观遗传影响。纵向研究应在不同的生命阶段探索这些关联，并将其与健康结果联系起来。EAA 可能是 SES 相关健康的有用生物标志物，并为慢性疾病的发病机制和预防提供重要的见解。
