Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Mol Cell. 2021 Sep 16;81(18):3708-3730. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.027.
Lipids play crucial roles in signal transduction, contribute to the structural integrity of cellular membranes, and regulate energy metabolism. Questions remain as to which lipid species maintain metabolic homeostasis and which disrupt essential cellular functions, leading to metabolic disorders. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding lipid metabolism with a focus on catabolism, synthesis, and signaling. Technical advances, including functional genomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, lipid-protein interaction maps, and advances in mass spectrometry, have uncovered new ways to prioritize molecular mechanisms mediating lipid function. By reviewing what is known about the distinct effects of specific lipid species in physiological pathways, we provide a framework for understanding newly identified targets regulating lipid homeostasis with implications for ameliorating metabolic diseases.
脂质在信号转导中起着至关重要的作用，有助于维持细胞膜的结构完整性，并调节能量代谢。目前仍不清楚哪些脂质种类可以维持代谢平衡，哪些脂质种类会破坏细胞的基本功能，从而导致代谢紊乱。本文重点讨论了脂质代谢分解、合成和信号转导方面的最新研究进展。包括功能基因组学、代谢组学、脂质组学、脂质-蛋白质相互作用图谱以及质谱分析等技术的进步，为确定介导脂质功能的分子机制提供了新的方法。通过综述特定脂质种类在生理途径中产生的不同影响，我们为理解新发现的调节脂质平衡的靶点提供了一个框架，这对于改善代谢性疾病具有重要意义。
