interactions between the ectomycorrhizal and the saprotroph fungi: morphological aspects and volatile production.

Ectomycorrhizal fungi are crucial for forests sustainability. For , ectomycorrhizal fungus is an important mutualist partner. Saprotrophic fungi , although used for biocontrol of root disease, it negatively affected the interaction between the and plant host roots, by compromise the formation of mycorrhizae. In this work, fungal morphology during inhibition of against was elucidated. growth was strongly affected by , which was significantly reduced after six days of co-culture and become even more significant through time. During this period, developed vesicles and calcium oxalate crystals, which were described as mechanisms to stress adaption by fungi. produced different volatile organic compounds in co-cultures over time and differ between single or in dual-species. highly produced sesquiterpenes (namely, α-muurolene) and nitrogen-containing compounds, which are recognised as having antimicrobial activity.