Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Avda. El Líbano 5524, Macul, CP: 7830490, Santiago, Chile.
Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 23;11(1):18927. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97683-9.
Obesity is the most important predisposing factor for cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes. We explored the relationship between the age at onset of obesity and selected cardiometabolic parameters in young adults. Longitudinal study of n = 1,039 participants (48% males) in their early twenties. BMI was measured at birth, 1-5-10-12-14-16-23 years. BMI trajectories were interpolated. Five groups were identified: never obese (never-OB); early childhood obesity transitioning to non-obesity before adolescence (former-OB); obesity starting in preadolescence transitioning to non-obesity as adolescents (transient-OB); obesity from adolescence into early adulthood (recent-onset-OB); participants who were obese in early childhood and remained obese into adulthood (persistent-OB). Waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and insulin were measured at 23 years. HOMA-IR and the Metabolic Syndrome Risk Z-Score were estimated. In the sample, 47% were obese during at least one time-point. Mean obesity duration was 20.7 years, 8.5 years, 6.2 years, and 3.3 years in persistent-OBs, recent-onset-OBs, former-OBs, and transient-OBs, respectively. The cardiometabolic profile was more adverse in recent-onset-OBs (12%) and persistent-OBs (15%) compared to never-OB participants (53%). Although former-OBs (15%) and transient-OBs (4%) had higher WC values than never-OBs, no differences were seen in other biomarkers. Both persistent and recent-onset obesity led to a cardiometabolic profile of risk in early adulthood, as suggested by values of WC, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP above normal limits and HDL-chol values below normal limits. Participants who had obesity in early childhood or preadolescence but transitioned to a non-obesity status had a cardiometabolic profile similar to participants who were never obese and within normal limits. Obesity leads to risky values in a number of cardiometabolic biomarkers in young adulthood independent of age at obesity onset. Likewise, overcoming obesity during the pediatric age leads to a cardiometabolic profile within normal ranges at 23 years of age.
肥胖是心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病最重要的诱发因素。我们探讨了肥胖发病年龄与年轻成年人选择的心血管代谢参数之间的关系。这项研究对 n = 1039 名参与者（48%为男性）进行了 20 多岁时的纵向研究。在出生时、1 岁、5 岁、10 岁、12 岁、14 岁、16 岁和 23 岁时测量 BMI。对 BMI 轨迹进行了插值。确定了五个组别：从未肥胖（从未肥胖组）；儿童早期肥胖，青春期前转为非肥胖（前肥胖组）；青春期前开始肥胖，青春期转为非肥胖（短暂肥胖组）；青少年期开始肥胖，进入成年早期（新近肥胖组）；儿童早期肥胖并持续到成年的参与者（持续肥胖组）。在 23 岁时测量腰围（WC）、血压、血脂、血糖和胰岛素。估计 HOMA-IR 和代谢综合征风险 Z 评分。在样本中，47%的参与者在至少一个时间点肥胖。持续肥胖组、新近肥胖组、前肥胖组和短暂肥胖组的肥胖持续时间分别为 20.7 年、8.5 年、6.2 年和 3.3 年。与从未肥胖的参与者（53%）相比，新近肥胖组（12%）和持续肥胖组（15%）的心血管代谢特征更为不利。尽管前肥胖组（15%）和短暂肥胖组（4%）的 WC 值高于从未肥胖组，但其他生物标志物无差异。在早期成年时，无论是持续性肥胖还是新近肥胖都会导致心血管代谢风险的出现，这表现为 WC、HOMA-IR 和 hs-CRP 高于正常值，HDL-胆固醇值低于正常值。在儿童早期或青春期肥胖但转为非肥胖状态的参与者，其心血管代谢特征与从未肥胖且在正常范围内的参与者相似。肥胖导致年轻人中许多心血管代谢生物标志物出现危险值，与肥胖发病年龄无关。同样，在儿科时期克服肥胖会导致 23 岁时的心血管代谢特征处于正常范围内。
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