Murray Hannah, Pethania Yasmin, Medin Evelina
University of Oxford.
University of Surrey.
Cogn Behav Therap. 2021 Sep 16;14:e28. doi: 10.1017/S1754470X21000246. eCollection 2021.
Survivor guilt is a common experience following traumatic events in which others have died. However, little research has addressed the phenomenology of survivor guilt, nor has the issue been conceptualised using contemporary psychological models which would help guide clinicians in effective treatment approaches for this distressing problem. This paper summarises the current survivor guilt research literature and psychological models from related areas, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, moral injury and traumatic bereavement. Based on this literature, a preliminary cognitive approach to survivor guilt is proposed. A cognitive conceptualisation is described, and used as a basis to suggest potential treatment interventions for survivor guilt. Both the model and treatment strategies require further detailed study and empirical validation, but provide testable hypotheses to stimulate further research in this area.
幸存者内疚感是在他人死亡的创伤性事件后常见的一种体验。然而，很少有研究探讨幸存者内疚感的现象学，也没有使用当代心理学模型对这一问题进行概念化，而这些模型有助于指导临床医生针对这一令人痛苦的问题采取有效的治疗方法。本文总结了当前关于幸存者内疚感的研究文献以及来自创伤后应激障碍、道德伤害和创伤性哀伤等相关领域的心理学模型。基于这些文献，提出了一种针对幸存者内疚感的初步认知方法。描述了一种认知概念化，并以此为基础提出针对幸存者内疚感的潜在治疗干预措施。该模型和治疗策略都需要进一步的详细研究和实证验证，但提供了可检验的假设，以激发该领域的进一步研究。
