Popović Danijela, Molak Martyna, Ziółkowski Mariusz, Vranich Alexei, Sobczyk Maciej, Vidaurre Delfor Ulloa, Agresti Guido, Skrzypczak Magdalena, Ginalski Krzysztof, Lamnidis Thiseas Christos, Nakatsuka Nathan, Mallick Swapan, Baca Mateusz
Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland.
Sci Adv. 2021 Sep 24;7(39):eabg7261. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7261.
Tiwanaku civilization flourished in the Lake Titicaca basin between 500 and 1000 CE and at its apogee influenced wide areas across the southern Andes. Despite a considerable amount of archaeological data, little is known about the Tiwanaku population. We analyzed 17 low-coverage genomes from individuals dated between 300 and 1500 CE and demonstrated genetic continuity in the Lake Titicaca basin throughout this period, which indicates that the substantial cultural and political changes in the region were not accompanied by large-scale population movements. Conversely, the ritual center of Tiwanaku revealed high diversity, including individuals with primarily local genetic ancestry and those with foreign admixture or provenance from as far as the Amazon. Nonetheless, most human offerings associated with the Akapana platform exhibited pure Titicaca basin ancestry and dated to ca. 950 CE—the onset of Tiwanaku’s decline as a sociopolitical center. Our results strengthen the view of Tiwanaku as a complex and far-reaching polity.
蒂瓦纳库文明于公元500年至1000年间在的的喀喀湖盆地繁荣发展，在其鼎盛时期影响了安第斯山脉南部的广大地区。尽管有大量考古数据，但对蒂瓦纳库人口却知之甚少。我们分析了公元300年至1500年间个体的17个低覆盖度基因组，并证明了在此期间的的喀喀湖盆地存在基因连续性，这表明该地区重大的文化和政治变革并未伴随着大规模的人口迁移。相反，蒂瓦纳库的祭祀中心显示出高度的多样性，包括主要具有当地基因血统的个体以及具有外来混合血统或来自远至亚马逊地区血统的个体。尽管如此，与阿卡帕纳平台相关的大多数人类祭品都显示出纯正的的的喀喀湖盆地血统，且年代可追溯至公元950年左右——即蒂瓦纳库作为社会政治中心开始衰落之时。我们的研究结果强化了蒂瓦纳库是一个复杂且影响深远的政体的观点。
