Lau Jacqueline, Sutcliffe Sarah, Barnes Michele, Mbaru Emmanuel, Muly Innocent, Muthiga Nyawira, Wanyonyi Stephen, Cinner Joshua E
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
WorldFish, Batu Maung, Malaysia.
Mar Policy. 2021 Dec;134:104803. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104803. Epub 2021 Sep 22.
COVID-19 is continuing to have far-reaching impacts around the world, including on small-scale fishing communities. This study details the findings from 39 in-depth interviews with community members, community leaders, and fish traders in five communities in Kenya about their experiences since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in March, 2020. The interviews were conducted by mobile phone between late August and early October 2020. In each community, people were impacted by curfews, rules about gathering, closed travel routes, and bans on certain activities. Fish trade and fisheries livelihoods were greatly disrupted. Respondents from all communities emphasized how COVID-19 had disrupted relationships between fishers, traders, and customers; changed market demand; and ultimately made fishing and fish trading livelihoods very difficult to sustain. While COVID-19 impacted different groups in the communities-i.e., fishers, female fish traders, and male fish traders-all experienced a loss of income and livelihoods, reduced cash flow, declining food security, and impacts on wellbeing. As such, although small-scale fisheries can act as a crucial safety net in times of stress, the extent of COVID-19 disruptions to alternative and informal livelihoods stemmed cash flow across communities, and meant that fishing was unable to fulfil a safety net function as it may have done during past disruptions. As the pandemic continues to unfold, ensuring that COVID-19 safe policies and protocols support continued fishing or diversification into other informal livelihoods, and that COVID-19 support reaches the most vulnerable, will be critical in safeguarding the wellbeing of families in these coastal communities.
新冠疫情仍在对全球产生深远影响,包括对小规模渔业社区。本研究详细介绍了对肯尼亚五个社区的社区成员、社区领袖和鱼贩进行的39次深度访谈的结果,内容涉及他们自2020年3月新冠疫情开始以来的经历。访谈于2020年8月下旬至10月初通过手机进行。在每个社区,人们都受到宵禁、集会规定、封闭的旅行路线和某些活动禁令的影响。鱼类贸易和渔业生计受到极大干扰。所有社区的受访者都强调了新冠疫情如何扰乱了渔民、鱼贩和客户之间的关系;改变了市场需求;并最终使捕鱼和鱼类贸易生计难以维持。虽然新冠疫情对社区中的不同群体产生了影响,即渔民、女性鱼贩和男性鱼贩,但他们都经历了收入和生计的损失、现金流减少、粮食安全下降以及对福祉的影响。因此,尽管小规模渔业在压力时期可以作为至关重要的安全网,但新冠疫情对替代和非正规生计的干扰程度阻碍了各社区的现金流,这意味着捕鱼无法像过去受到干扰时那样发挥安全网的作用。随着疫情的持续发展,确保新冠疫情安全政策和协议支持持续捕鱼或向其他非正规生计多样化发展,以及确保新冠疫情支持惠及最弱势群体,对于保障这些沿海社区家庭的福祉至关重要。