Shannon Carley A, Pike Kimberli L, Dejonge Sydney R, Nagelkirk Paul R, Del Pozzi Andrew T
Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA.
Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA.
Int J Exerc Sci. 2021 Aug 1;14(3):779-790. doi: 10.70252/SPHO8720. eCollection 2021.
Contact-sports can elicit concussions, which impacts autonomic function, as well as elicit repetitive head trauma, where autonomic function has not yet been assessed. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in autonomic function exist among three groups (CTRL: healthy non-contact-sport participant, RHT: repetitive head trauma contact-sport participant, CONC: previous concussion). Forty participants (16 men and 24 women), aged 18-37 (22 ± 3), participated in the study. Participants were grouped based on their sport and concussion history (CTRL, RHT, and CONC). Body composition was measured via air displacement plethysmography. Prior to testing, participants were outfitted with equipment to evaluate heart rate, blood pressure, and cerebral-artery blood flow velocity (CBFv). The participant performed against three stimuli: deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, and a 70° head-up tilt test. Following autonomic function testing, a YMCA submaximal cycle test was performed. All group comparisons were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and all data are presented as means ± standard deviation. The results of this study indicated that the groups did not differ in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (CTRL: 22 ± 6 bpm, RHT: 21 ± 8 bpm, CONC: 19 ± 7 bpm, = 0.471), Valsalva ratio (CTRL: 2.19 ± 0.39, RHT: 2.09 ± 0.37, CONC: 2.00 ± 0.47, = 0.519), CBFv (CTRL: 47.74 ± 25.28 cm/s, RHT: 40.99 ± 10.93 cm/s, CONC: 43.97 ± 17.55 cm/s, = 0.657), or tilt time (CTRL: 806.09 ± 368.37 sec, RHT: 943.07 ± 339.54 sec, CONC: 978.40 ± 387.98 sec, = 0.479). However, CONC (113.24 ± 11.64 mmHg) had a significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure during the tilt test than CTRL (102.66 ± 7.79 mmHg, = 0.026), while RHT (107.9 ± 9.0 mmHg) was not significantly different than CTRL ( = 0.39) or CONC ( = 0.319). The results of this study are the first step in determining if long-lasting deficits to the autonomic nervous system occur following a diagnosis of concussion. However, concussions do not seem to have lasting effects on autonomic function. Overwhelmingly, dysautonomia is not present during chronic recovery from concussions or in individuals with RHT from contact-sports. In the future, sex should be considered as a variable.
接触性运动可能引发脑震荡，这会影响自主神经功能，还会导致重复性头部创伤，而自主神经功能尚未得到评估。本研究的目的是确定三组人群（对照组：健康的非接触性运动参与者；重复性头部创伤组：有重复性头部创伤的接触性运动参与者；脑震荡组：曾有过脑震荡）的自主神经功能是否存在差异。40名年龄在18 - 37岁（22±3岁）的参与者（16名男性和24名女性）参与了该研究。参与者根据其运动和脑震荡病史进行分组（对照组、重复性头部创伤组和脑震荡组）。通过空气置换体积描记法测量身体成分。在测试前，为参与者配备设备以评估心率、血压和脑动脉血流速度（CBFv）。参与者对三种刺激进行反应：深呼吸、瓦尔萨尔瓦动作和70°头高位倾斜试验。在自主神经功能测试后，进行了YMCA次极量自行车测试。所有组间比较均采用单因素方差分析，所有数据均以均值±标准差表示。本研究结果表明，三组在呼吸性窦性心律不齐方面无差异（对照组：22±6次/分钟，重复性头部创伤组：21±8次/分钟，脑震荡组：19±7次/分钟，P = 0.471），在瓦尔萨尔瓦比值方面无差异（对照组：2.19±0.39，重复性头部创伤组：2.09±0.37，脑震荡组：2.00±0.47，P = 0.519），在CBFv方面无差异（对照组：47.74±25.28厘米/秒，重复性头部创伤组：40.99±10.93厘米/秒，脑震荡组：43.97±17.55厘米/秒，P = 0.657），在倾斜时间方面无差异（对照组：806.09±368.37秒，重复性头部创伤组：943.07±339.54秒，脑震荡组：978.40±387.98秒，P = 0.479）。然而，脑震荡组（113.24±11.64毫米汞柱）在倾斜试验期间的平均收缩压显著高于对照组（102.66±7.79毫米汞柱，P = 0.026），而重复性头部创伤组（107.9±9.0毫米汞柱）与对照组（P = 0.39）或脑震荡组（P = 0.319）无显著差异。本研究结果是确定脑震荡诊断后自主神经系统是否会出现长期缺陷的第一步。然而，脑震荡似乎对自主神经功能没有持久影响。总体而言，在脑震荡的慢性恢复期间或接触性运动导致重复性头部创伤的个体中，自主神经功能障碍并不存在。未来，应将性别作为一个变量来考虑。
