Scalabrini Andrea, Esposito Rosy, Mucci Clara
Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti.
Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
Res Psychother. 2021 Aug 12;24(2):545. doi: 10.4081/ripppo.2021.545.
Starting with Freud and Jung, dreams have always been considered a core source of information for psychoanalysis. Nowadays, neuroscientific findings suggest that dreams are related especially to limbic and right emotional brain circuit, and that during REM stages they engage self-related and visual internally generated processing. These neuroscientific findings together with contemporary psychoanalysis suggest that dreams are related to the sense of self and serve the purpose of re-integrating and re-structuring the integrity of the psyche. However, while dreams are still viewed as 'the via regia to the unconscious', it is the unconscious that has been reconsidered. The repressed unconscious seems to be related with left brain activity while the unrepressed unconscious based on dissociation seems to be associated with limbic and cortical areas of the right hemisphere. This notion of the unconscious might be seen as an implicit self-system encoded in the right brain that evolves in the interaction with a primary caregiver developing through preverbal and bodily stages of maturation enhanced by signals of dual communication. What kind of dreams for which unconscious? What are the differences regarding the capacity to dream for neurotic and borderline personality organizations? Our research aims to integrate psychodynamics, infant research, and neuroscientific findings to better understand the role of dreams in the assessment and treatment of, especially, traumatized and borderline patients. The capacity to dream is here proposed as a sort of enacted manifestation of emotional memories for the development of a more cohesive, coherent and symbolic fragmented, diffuse and alexithymic sense of self.
从弗洛伊德和荣格开始，梦一直被视为精神分析的核心信息来源。如今，神经科学研究结果表明，梦尤其与边缘系统和右脑情感脑回路相关，并且在快速眼动睡眠阶段，它们参与与自我相关的、由内部产生的视觉处理过程。这些神经科学研究结果与当代精神分析共同表明，梦与自我意识相关，并且具有重新整合和重构心理完整性的作用。然而，尽管梦仍然被视为“通向无意识的皇家大道”，但无意识本身却已被重新审视。被压抑的无意识似乎与左脑活动有关，而基于解离的未被压抑的无意识似乎与右半球的边缘系统和皮质区域有关。这种无意识的概念可能被视为一种隐含的自我系统，编码于右脑之中，它在与主要照料者的互动中发展，这种互动通过双重沟通信号在言语前和身体成熟阶段得到增强。什么样的梦对应什么样的无意识？神经症性和边缘性人格组织在做梦能力方面有哪些差异？我们的研究旨在整合心理动力学、婴儿研究和神经科学研究结果，以便更好地理解梦在评估和治疗尤其是受过创伤的患者以及边缘性人格障碍患者中的作用。在这里，做梦能力被视为一种情感记忆的具体表现形式，有助于发展出一种更具凝聚力、连贯性和象征性的自我意识，而非碎片化、弥散性和述情障碍的自我意识。
