Dewansingh Priya, Reckman Gerlof A R, Mijlius Caspar F, Krijnen Wim P, van der Schans Cees P, Jager-Wittenaar Harriët, van den Heuvel Ellen G H M
Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Front Nutr. 2021 Sep 10;8:718658. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718658. eCollection 2021.
The aging process is often accompanied by increase in body weight. Older adults with overweight or obesity might have an overconsumption in energy that is accompanied by inadequate intake of protein, vitamin D, and calcium. It is unclear if intake of protein and vitamin D and calcium is sufficient in older adults with overweight/obesity, and whether it differs from older adults with normal weight, since a recent overview of the literature review is lacking. Therefore, we systematically analyzed the current evidence on differences in nutrient intake/status of protein, vitamin D and calcium between older adults with different body mass index (BMI) categories. Randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies were identified from PubMed and EMBASE. Studies reporting nutrient intake/status in older adults aged ≥50 years with overweight/obesity and studies comparing between overweight/obesity and normal weight were included. Nutrient intake/status baseline values were reviewed and when possible calculated for one BMI category (single-group meta-analysis), or compared between BMI categories (meta-analysis). Nutrient intake/status was compared with international recommendations. Mean protein ( = 8) and calcium intake ( = 5) was 0.98 gram/kilogram body weight/day (g/kg/d) [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.89-1.08] and 965 mg [95% CI: 704-1225] in overweight/obese. Vitamin D intake was insufficient in all BMI categories ( = 5). The pooled mean for vitamin D intake was 6 ug [95% CI 4-9]. For 25(OH)D, the pooled mean was 54 nmol/L [95% CI 45-62], 52 nmol/L [95% CI 46-58], and 48 nmol/l [95% CI 33-62] in normal ( = 7), combined overweight and obese ( = 12), and obese older adults ( = 4), respectively. In conclusion, older adults with overweight and obesity have a borderline sufficient protein and sufficient calcium intake, but insufficient vitamin D intake. The 25(OH)D concentration is deficient for the obese older adults.
衰老过程通常伴随着体重增加。超重或肥胖的老年人可能存在能量摄入过多，同时伴有蛋白质、维生素D和钙摄入不足的情况。由于最近缺乏文献综述，目前尚不清楚超重/肥胖老年人的蛋白质、维生素D和钙摄入量是否充足，以及与体重正常的老年人是否存在差异。因此，我们系统地分析了不同体重指数（BMI）类别的老年人在蛋白质、维生素D和钙的营养摄入/状态差异方面的现有证据。从PubMed和EMBASE中检索随机对照试验和前瞻性队列研究。纳入报告年龄≥50岁超重/肥胖老年人营养摄入/状态的研究，以及比较超重/肥胖与正常体重老年人的研究。回顾营养摄入/状态基线值，并尽可能针对一个BMI类别进行计算（单组荟萃分析），或在BMI类别之间进行比较（荟萃分析）。将营养摄入/状态与国际推荐值进行比较。超重/肥胖老年人的平均蛋白质摄入量（n = 8）和钙摄入量（n = 5）分别为0.98克/千克体重/天（g/kg/d）[95%置信区间（CI）0.89 - 1.08]和965毫克[95% CI：704 - 1225]。所有BMI类别（n = 5）的维生素D摄入量均不足。维生素D摄入量的合并平均值为6微克[95% CI 4 - 9]。对于25(OH)D，正常组（n = 7）合并超重和肥胖组（n = 12）以及肥胖老年人组（n = 4）的合并平均值分别为54纳摩尔/升[95% CI 45 - 62]、52纳摩尔/升[95% CI 46 - 58]和48纳摩尔/升[95% CI 33 - 62]。总之，超重和肥胖的老年人蛋白质摄入量接近充足，钙摄入量充足，但维生素D摄入量不足。肥胖老年人的25(OH)D浓度缺乏。
