Mustapha Rami, Ng Kenrick, Monypenny James, Ng Tony
Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Cancer Research UK King's Health Partners Centre, London, United Kingdom.
Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Sep 8;8:661516. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.661516. eCollection 2021.
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) develop in non-lymphatic tissue in chronic inflammation and cancer. TLS can mature to lymph node (LN) like structures with germinal centers and associated vasculature. TLS neogenesis in cancer is highly varied and tissue dependent. The role of TLS in adaptive antitumor immunity is of great interest. However, data also show that TLS can play a role in cancer metastasis. The importance of lymphatics in cancer distant metastasis is clear yet the precise detail of how various immunosurveillance mechanisms interplay within TLS and/or draining LN is still under investigation. As part of the tumor lymphatics, TLS vasculature can provide alternative routes for the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche and cancer dissemination. The nature of the cytokine and chemokine signature at the heart of TLS induction can be key in determining the success of antitumor immunity or in promoting cancer invasiveness. Understanding the biochemical and biomechanical factors underlying TLS formation and the resulting impact on the primary tumor will be key in deciphering cancer metastasis and in the development of the next generation of cancer immunotherapeutics.
三级淋巴结构（TLSs）在慢性炎症和癌症的非淋巴组织中形成。TLS可成熟为具有生发中心和相关脉管系统的淋巴结（LN）样结构。癌症中的TLS新生高度多样且依赖于组织。TLS在适应性抗肿瘤免疫中的作用备受关注。然而，数据也表明TLS可在癌症转移中发挥作用。淋巴管在癌症远处转移中的重要性是明确的，但各种免疫监视机制如何在TLS和/或引流淋巴结内相互作用的精确细节仍在研究中。作为肿瘤淋巴管的一部分，TLS脉管系统可为转移前生态位的建立和癌症播散提供替代途径。TLS诱导核心的细胞因子和趋化因子特征的性质可能是决定抗肿瘤免疫成功或促进癌症侵袭性的关键。了解TLS形成的生化和生物力学因素以及对原发性肿瘤的影响将是破译癌症转移和开发下一代癌症免疫疗法的关键。
