Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
Mol Biol Cell. 2021 Oct 1;32(20). doi: 10.1091/mbc.E19-09-0490.
Viruses are pathogenic agents that can infect all varieties of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. These microscopic particles are genetically simple as they encode a limited number of proteins that undertake a wide range of functions. While structurally distinct, viruses often share common characteristics that have evolved to aid in their infectious life cycles. A commonly underappreciated characteristic of many deadly viruses is a lipid envelope that surrounds their protein and genetic contents. Notably, the lipid envelope is formed from the host cell the virus infects. Lipid-enveloped viruses comprise a diverse range of pathogenic viruses, which often lead to high fatality rates and many lack effective therapeutics and/or vaccines. This perspective primarily focuses on the negative-sense RNA viruses from the order Mononegavirales, which obtain their lipid envelope from the host plasma membrane. Specifically, the perspective highlights the common themes of host cell lipid and membrane biology necessary for virus replication, assembly, and budding.
病毒是能够感染包括植物、动物和人类在内的所有生物体的病原体。这些微小颗粒在遗传上很简单，因为它们只编码数量有限的能够执行多种功能的蛋白质。尽管结构不同，但病毒通常具有一些共同的特征，这些特征是为了帮助它们完成感染性生命周期而进化而来的。许多致命病毒的一个常被低估的特征是其蛋白质和遗传物质周围的脂质包膜。值得注意的是，脂质包膜是由病毒感染的宿主细胞形成的。脂质包膜病毒包含了多种致病性病毒，这些病毒往往导致高死亡率，而且许多缺乏有效的治疗方法和/或疫苗。本观点主要关注来自单负链 RNA 病毒目（Mononegavirales）的负链 RNA 病毒，它们从宿主质膜获得其脂质包膜。具体来说，该观点强调了病毒复制、组装和出芽所必需的宿主细胞脂质和膜生物学的共同主题。
