Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
Cells. 2021 Sep 13;10(9):2407. doi: 10.3390/cells10092407.
All intracellular pathogens critically depend on host cell organelles and metabolites for successful infection and replication. One hallmark of positive-strand RNA viruses is to induce alterations of the (endo)membrane system in order to shield their double-stranded RNA replication intermediates from detection by the host cell's surveillance systems. This spatial seclusion also allows for accruing host and viral factors and building blocks required for efficient replication of the genome and prevents access of antiviral effectors. Even though the principle is iterated by almost all positive-strand RNA viruses infecting plants and animals, the specific structure and the organellar source of membranes differs. Here, we discuss the characteristic ultrastructural features of the virus-induced membranous replication organelles in plant and animal cells and the scientific progress gained by advanced microscopy methods.
所有细胞内病原体严重依赖宿主细胞细胞器和代谢物来成功感染和复制。正链 RNA 病毒的一个显著特点是诱导（内）膜系统的改变，以保护其双链 RNA 复制中间体免受宿主细胞监测系统的检测。这种空间隔离还允许积累宿主和病毒因子以及构建有效复制基因组所需的积木，并防止抗病毒效应物的进入。尽管这一原则几乎被感染动植物的所有正链 RNA 病毒所重复，但膜的特定结构和细胞器来源却有所不同。在这里，我们讨论了在植物和动物细胞中病毒诱导的膜复制细胞器的特征超微结构特征，以及通过先进的显微镜方法获得的科学进展。
