Laboratório de Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Correa, 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Bragança, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro s/n, Bragança 68600-000, Brazil.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Aug 27;12(9):1324. doi: 10.3390/genes12091324.
The Amazonian symbol fish is the only living representative of the Arapamidae family. Environmental pressures and illegal fishing threaten the species' survival. To protect wild populations, a national regulation must be developed for the management of throughout the Amazon basin. Moreover, the reproductive genetic management and recruitment of additional founders by aquaculture farms are needed to mitigate the damage caused by domestication. To contribute to the sustainable development, we investigated the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated populations of and developed a panel composed by 12 microsatellite markers for individual and population genetic tracing. We analyzed 368 samples from three wild and four farmed populations. The results revealed low rates of genetic diversity in all populations, loss of genetic diversity and high inbreeding rates in farmed populations, and genetic structuring among wild and farmed populations. Genetic tracing using the 12 microsatellite markers was effective, and presented a better performance in identifying samples at the population level. The 12-microsatellite panel is appliable to the legal aspects of the trade of the , such as origin discrimination, reproductive genetic management by DNA profiling, and evaluation and monitoring of genetic diversity.
亚马孙符号鱼是 Arapamidae 科唯一的活体代表。环境压力和非法捕捞威胁着该物种的生存。为了保护野生种群，必须在整个亚马逊流域制定一项关于 的管理的国家法规。此外，需要通过水产养殖农场进行繁殖遗传管理和额外的种源募集，以减轻驯化造成的损害。为了促进可持续发展，我们调查了野生和养殖种群的遗传多样性，并开发了一个由 12 个微卫星标记组成的小组，用于个体和群体遗传追踪。我们分析了来自三个野生种群和四个养殖种群的 368 个样本。结果表明，所有种群的遗传多样性水平都很低，养殖种群的遗传多样性丧失和近交率高，以及野生和养殖种群之间的遗传结构。使用 12 个微卫星标记进行遗传追踪是有效的，并且在识别种群水平的样本时表现更好。12 个微卫星标记小组适用于 的贸易的法律方面，例如起源歧视、通过 DNA 图谱进行繁殖遗传管理，以及遗传多样性的评估和监测。
