Section of Physiological Sciences, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 16;22(18):9990. doi: 10.3390/ijms22189990.
It is known that nitric oxide (NO) plays a key physiological role in the control of gastrointestinal (GI) motor phenomena. In this respect, NO is considered as the main non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurotransmitter responsible for smooth muscle relaxation. Moreover, many substances (including hormones) have been reported to modulate NO production leading to changes in motor responses, further underlying the importance of this molecule in the control of GI motility. An impaired NO production/release has indeed been reported to be implicated in some GI dysmotility. In this article we wanted to focus on the influence of NO on gastric motility by summarizing knowledge regarding its role in both physiological and pathological conditions. The main role of NO on regulating gastric smooth muscle motor responses, with particular reference to NO synthases expression and signaling pathways, is discussed. A deeper knowledge of nitrergic mechanisms is important for a better understanding of their involvement in gastric pathophysiological conditions of hypo- or hyper-motility states and for future therapeutic approaches. A possible role of substances which, by interfering with NO production, could prove useful in managing such motor disorders has been advanced.
已知一氧化氮（NO）在胃肠道（GI）运动现象的控制中起着关键的生理作用。在这方面，NO 被认为是主要的非肾上腺素能、非胆碱能（NANC）抑制性神经递质，负责平滑肌松弛。此外，已经报道了许多物质（包括激素）可以调节 NO 的产生，从而导致运动反应的变化，这进一步说明了这种分子在胃肠道动力控制中的重要性。NO 的产生/释放受损确实与一些胃肠道动力障碍有关。在本文中，我们希望通过总结有关其在生理和病理条件下作用的知识，重点关注 NO 对胃动力的影响。讨论了 NO 对调节胃平滑肌运动反应的主要作用，特别参考了 NO 合酶的表达和信号通路。深入了解硝化机制对于更好地理解它们在胃低动力或高动力状态的病理生理条件下的参与以及未来的治疗方法非常重要。已经提出了一种可能的作用，即通过干扰 NO 的产生，某些物质可能有助于治疗这些运动障碍。
