Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
J Exp Biol. 2021 Jan 7;224(Pt 1):jeb231571. doi: 10.1242/jeb.231571.
The gut and brain are constantly communicating and influencing each other through neural, endocrine and immune signals in an interaction referred to as the gut-brain axis. Within this communication system, the gastrointestinal tract, including the gut microbiota, sends information on energy status to the brain, which, after integrating these and other inputs, transmits feedback to the gastrointestinal tract. This allows the regulation of food intake and other physiological processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, including motility, secretion, digestion and absorption. Although extensive literature is available on the mechanisms governing the communication between the gut and the brain in mammals, studies on this axis in other vertebrates are scarce and often limited to a single species, which may not be representative for obtaining conclusions for an entire group. This Review aims to compile the available information on the gut-brain axis in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, with a special focus on its involvement in food intake regulation and, to a lesser extent, in digestive processes. Additionally, we will identify gaps of knowledge that need to be filled in order to better understand the functioning and physiological significance of such an axis in non-mammalian vertebrates.
肠脑通过神经、内分泌和免疫信号不断进行交流和相互影响，这种相互作用被称为肠脑轴。在这个交流系统中，包括肠道菌群在内的胃肠道向大脑发送关于能量状态的信息，大脑在整合这些信息和其他输入后，将反馈发送回胃肠道。这使得对食物摄入和胃肠道中发生的其他生理过程（包括运动、分泌、消化和吸收）进行调节成为可能。尽管关于哺乳动物中肠脑之间通讯的机制有大量文献，但其他脊椎动物中关于该轴的研究很少，而且通常仅限于单一物种，这可能无法代表整个群体得出结论。本综述旨在汇集鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物和鱼类中肠脑轴的现有信息，特别关注其在食物摄入调节中的作用，以及在较小程度上在消化过程中的作用。此外，我们将确定需要填补的知识空白，以便更好地理解非哺乳动物脊椎动物中这种轴的功能和生理意义。
