Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Department of Pathology and Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 20;22(18):10131. doi: 10.3390/ijms221810131.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have brought great momentum to the non-invasive liquid biopsy procedure for the detection, characterization, and monitoring of cancer. Despite the common use of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) as a biomarker for prostate cancer, there is an unmet need for a more specific diagnostic tool to detect tumor progression and recurrence. Exosomes, which are EVs that are released from all cells, play a large role in physiology and pathology, including cancer. They are involved in intercellular communication, immune function, and they are present in every bodily fluid studied-making them an excellent window into how cells are operating. With liquid biopsy, EVs can be isolated and analyzed, enabling an insight into a potential therapeutic value, serving as a vehicle for drugs or nucleic acids that have anti-neoplastic effects. The current application of advanced technology also points to higher-sensitivity detection methods that are minimally invasive. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the significance of exosomes in prostate cancer and the potential diagnostic value of these EVs in disease progression.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 为非侵入性液体活检程序在癌症的检测、特征分析和监测方面带来了巨大的动力。尽管 PSA（前列腺特异性抗原）常用于前列腺癌的生物标志物，但仍需要更具特异性的诊断工具来检测肿瘤的进展和复发。外泌体是所有细胞释放的 EVs，在生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用，包括癌症。它们参与细胞间通讯、免疫功能，并且存在于每一种研究的体液中——这使它们成为了解细胞运作方式的绝佳窗口。通过液体活检，可以分离和分析 EVs，深入了解其潜在的治疗价值，将其作为具有抗肿瘤作用的药物或核酸的载体。目前，先进技术的应用也指向了更高灵敏度、微创的检测方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了外泌体在前列腺癌中的重要意义，以及这些 EVs 在疾病进展中的潜在诊断价值。
