Jonšta Petr, Jonšta Zdeněk, Brožová Silvie, Ingaldi Manuela, Pietraszek Jacek, Klimecka-Tatar Dorota
Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Sep 8;14(18):5160. doi: 10.3390/ma14185160.
The paper presented the findings obtained by industrial research and experimental development on the use of rare earth metals (REMs) in the production of heavy steel ingots and their impact on the internal quality of the 42CrMo4 grade steel forging. REMs alloying was carried out after vacuuming the steel. A relatively large melting loss of cerium (about 50%) and its further decrease in casting due to reoxidation were observed. Refinement of structure and better mechanical properties of forged bar containing about 0.02 wt.% of Ce compared to that of the standard production were not achieved. The wind power shaft with content of about 0.06 wt.% of Ce showed high amount of REM inclusions, which were locally chained, and in some cases, initiated cracks. Four stoichiometrically different types of REM inclusions were detected in forgings, namely (La-Ce)OS + (La-Ce)O + SiO (minority); oxygen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony bound to lanthanum and cerium probably bonded with iron oxides La + Ce, MgO, AlO a SiO; (La-Ce)OS, FeO, SiO, and CaO or CaS.
该论文介绍了工业研究和实验开发在重钢锭生产中使用稀土金属（REM）的研究结果，以及它们对42CrMo4钢锻件内部质量的影响。在对钢进行抽真空后进行了稀土金属合金化。观察到铈有相对较大的熔化损失（约50%），并且由于再氧化，其在铸造过程中进一步减少。与标准生产相比，含约0.02 wt.%铈的锻造棒材并未实现结构细化和更好的力学性能。含约0.06 wt.%铈的风力发电轴显示出大量的稀土金属夹杂物，这些夹杂物局部呈链状，在某些情况下会引发裂纹。在锻件中检测到四种化学计量不同类型的稀土金属夹杂物，即（La-Ce）OS + （La-Ce）O + SiO（少量）；与镧和铈结合的氧、磷、砷和锑可能与铁氧化物La + Ce、MgO、AlO和SiO结合；（La-Ce）OS、FeO、SiO和CaO或CaS。
