Amran Umar Adli, Salleh Kushairi Mohd, Zakaria Sarani, Roslan Rasidi, Chia Chin Hua, Jaafar Sharifah Nabihah Syed, Sajab Mohd Shaiful, Mostapha Marhaini
Bioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, Materials Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Sep 11;13(18):3072. doi: 10.3390/polym13183072.
Development of polyurethane foam (PUF) containing bio-based components is a complex process that requires extensive studies. This work reports on the production of rigid PUFs from polyol obtained via liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass with different isocyanate (NCO) indexes. The effect of the NCO index on the physical, chemical and compressive properties of the liquefied EFB-based PUF (EFBPUF) was evaluated. The EFBPUFs showed a unique set of properties at each NCO index. Foaming properties had affected the apparent density and cellular morphology of the EFBPUFs. Increasing NCO index had increased the crosslink density and dimensional stability of the EFBPUFs via formation of isocyanurates, which had also increased their thermal stability. Combination of both foaming properties and crosslink density of the EFBPUFs had influenced their respective compressive properties. The EFBPUF produced at the NCO index of 120 showed the optimum compressive strength and released the least toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas under thermal degradation. The normalized compressive strength of the EFBPUF at the NCO index of 120 is also comparable with the strength of the PUF produced using petrochemical polyol.
开发含有生物基成分的聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）是一个复杂的过程，需要进行大量研究。这项工作报道了用通过油棕空果串（EFB）生物质液化获得的多元醇与不同异氰酸酯（NCO）指数制备硬质PUF的情况。评估了NCO指数对基于液化EFB的PUF（EFBPUF）的物理、化学和压缩性能的影响。在每个NCO指数下，EFBPUF都表现出一组独特的性能。发泡性能影响了EFBPUF的表观密度和泡孔形态。通过形成异氰脲酸酯，增加NCO指数提高了EFBPUF的交联密度和尺寸稳定性，这也提高了它们的热稳定性。EFBPUF的发泡性能和交联密度的组合影响了它们各自的压缩性能。在NCO指数为120时制备的EFBPUF表现出最佳压缩强度，并且在热降解下释放的有毒氰化氢（HCN）气体最少。NCO指数为120时EFBPUF的归一化压缩强度也与使用石化多元醇制备的PUF的强度相当。
