Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
Nutrients. 2021 Aug 24;13(9):2920. doi: 10.3390/nu13092920.
Under- and over-nutrition co-exist as the double burden of malnutrition that poses a public health concern in countries of the developing regions, including South Africa (SA). Vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and children under five years are the most affected by malnutrition, especially in rural areas. Major contributing factors of malnutrition include food and nutrition insecurity, poverty, and unhealthy lifestyles. The current study aimed to assess the nutritional status, using selected anthropometric indices and dietary intake methods (repeated 24 h recall and food frequency), of four rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal (SA). Purposive sampling generated a sample of 50 households each in three rural areas: Swayimane, Tugela Ferry, and Umbumbulu and 21 households at Fountain Hill Estate. The Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method was used to assess the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake. Stunting (30.8%; n = 12) and overweight (15.4%; n = 6) were prevalent in children under five years, whilst obesity was highly prevalent among adult females (39.1%; n = 81), especially those aged 16-35 years. There was a high intake of carbohydrates and a low intake of fibre and micronutrients, including vitamin A, thus, confirming the need for a food-based approach to address malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, particularly vitamin A deficiency.
在发展中地区国家，包括南非（SA）在内，营养不足和营养过剩并存，成为双重营养负担，这是一个公共卫生关注的问题。孕妇和五岁以下儿童等弱势群体受营养不良的影响最大，特别是在农村地区。营养不良的主要促成因素包括食物和营养不安全、贫困和不健康的生活方式。本研究旨在使用选定的人体测量指标和饮食摄入方法（重复 24 小时回忆和食物频率）评估夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省（SA）四个农村社区的营养状况。在三个农村地区：斯威亚马尼、图格拉弗利和乌姆蓬布卢，以及喷泉山庄园，分别采用目的抽样方法生成了每个地区 50 户家庭的样本。使用估计平均需求量切点方法评估了营养摄入不足的发生率。五岁以下儿童中存在发育迟缓（30.8%；n=12）和超重（15.4%；n=6），而肥胖在成年女性中非常普遍（39.1%；n=81），尤其是 16-35 岁的女性。碳水化合物的摄入量很高，而纤维和微量营养素（包括维生素 A）的摄入量很低，因此，需要采取基于食物的方法来解决营养不良和微量营养素缺乏问题，特别是维生素 A 缺乏问题。
