ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Sep 18;13(9):3262. doi: 10.3390/nu13093262.
The health-transitions humans have delivered during the 20th Century associated with the nutrition is that from undernutrition to obesity, which perseveres in the current years of the 21st Century. Energy intake (EI) is a contributing factor and therefore a fascination in nutritional sciences. However, energy expenditure (EE) has not been usually considered as a conjoint factor. Thus, this study aimed to review if studies on adults consider data on dietary intake, specifically EI, and included data on EE and physical activity (PA). A search of MEDLINE from 1975 to December 2015 was managed. Our scoping review consisted of keywords related to EI, dietary allowances, and nutritional requirements. From 2229 acknowledged articles, 698 articles were finally taken fulfilling inclusion and quality criteria. A total of 2,081,824 adults (53.7% females) were involved, and most studies had been conducted in EEUU (241), Canada (42), Australia (30), Japan (32), and Brazil (14). In Europe, apart from UK (64), the Netherlands (31) and France (26) led the classification, followed by Sweden (18), Denmark (17), and France (26). Mediterranean countries are represented with 27 studies. A total of 76.4% did not include EE and 93.1% did not include PA. Only 23.6% of the studies contained both EI and EE. A large methodological diversity was perceived, with more than 14 different methods regarding EI, and more than 10 for EE. PA was only analyzed in scarce articles, and scarcely considered for interpretation of data and conclusions. Moreover, PA was often measured by subjective questionnaires. Dietary surveys show a large diversity regarding methodology, which makes comparability of studies difficult. EE and PA are missing in around 80% of studies or are not included in the interpretation of results. Conclusions regarding EI or diet adequacy in adults should not be taken without analyzing EE and PA.
在 20 世纪，人类在营养方面经历了从营养不良到肥胖的转变，这一趋势在 21 世纪的当前年份仍在持续。能量摄入（EI）是一个促成因素，因此也是营养科学中的一个关注点。然而，能量消耗（EE）通常不被认为是一个共同的因素。因此，本研究旨在回顾成年人的研究是否考虑了饮食摄入的数据，特别是 EI，并包括 EE 和身体活动（PA）的数据。对 1975 年至 2015 年 12 月期间 MEDLINE 的检索进行了管理。我们的范围综述包括与 EI、膳食允许量和营养需求相关的关键词。从 2229 篇公认的文章中，最终有 698 篇文章符合纳入和质量标准。共有 2081824 名成年人（53.7%为女性）参与，大多数研究在美国（241）、加拿大（42）、澳大利亚（30）、日本（32）和巴西（14）进行。在欧洲，除英国（64）外，荷兰（31）和法国（26）领先分类，其次是瑞典（18）、丹麦（17）和法国（26）。地中海国家有 27 项研究。总共 76.4%的研究没有包括 EE，93.1%的研究没有包括 PA。只有 23.6%的研究同时包含 EI 和 EE。方法学的多样性很大，EI 有超过 14 种不同的方法，EE 有超过 10 种。PA 仅在少数文章中进行分析，并且很少用于数据解释和结论。此外，PA 通常通过主观问卷进行测量。膳食调查在方法上存在很大的多样性，这使得研究之间的可比性变得困难。EE 和 PA 在大约 80%的研究中缺失，或者没有纳入结果的解释。在没有分析 EE 和 PA 的情况下，不应得出关于成年人 EI 或饮食充足性的结论。
