Makarenko Maksim S, Omelchenko Denis O, Usatov Alexander V, Gavrilova Vera A
The Laboratory of Plant Genomics, The Institute for Information Transmission Problems, 127051 Moscow, Russia.
The Department of Genetics, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Aug 26;10(9):1774. doi: 10.3390/plants10091774.
The significant difference in the mtDNA size and structure with simultaneous slow evolving genes makes the mitochondrial genome paradoxical among all three DNA carriers in the plant cell. Such features make mitochondrial genome investigations of particular interest. The genus is a diverse taxonomic group, including at least two economically valuable species-common sunflower () and Jerusalem artichoke (). The successful investigation of the sunflower nuclear genome provided insights into some genomics aspects and significantly intensified sunflower genetic studies. However, the investigations of organelles' genetic information in , especially devoted to mitochondrial genomics, are presented by limited studies. Using NGS sequencing, we assembled the complete mitochondrial genomes for (281,175 bp) and (281,287 bp) in the current investigation. Besides the master circle chromosome, in the case of , the 1361 bp circular plasmid was identified. The mitochondrial gene content was found to be identical for both sunflower species, counting 32 protein-coding genes, 3 rRNA, 23 tRNA genes, and 18 ORFs. The comparative analysis between perennial sunflowers revealed common and polymorphic SSR and SNPs. Comparison of perennial sunflowers with allowed us to establish similar rearrangements in mitogenomes, which have possibly been inherited from a common ancestor after the divergence of annual and perennial sunflower species. It is notable that and mitogenomes are much more similar to than .
线粒体DNA大小和结构与同时缓慢进化的基因存在显著差异，这使得线粒体基因组在植物细胞的所有三种DNA载体中显得自相矛盾。这些特征使得线粒体基因组研究格外引人关注。向日葵属是一个多样化的分类群体，包括至少两种具有经济价值的物种——普通向日葵（向日葵）和菊芋（菊芋）。对向日葵核基因组的成功研究为一些基因组学方面提供了见解，并显著加强了向日葵的遗传研究。然而，关于向日葵细胞器遗传信息的研究，尤其是专门针对线粒体基因组学的研究，目前还很有限。在本研究中，我们使用二代测序技术组装了菊芋（281,175 bp）和向日葵（281,287 bp）的完整线粒体基因组。除了主环染色体外，在菊芋的情况下，还鉴定出了1361 bp的环状质粒。发现两种向日葵的线粒体基因含量相同，共有32个蛋白质编码基因、3个rRNA、23个tRNA基因和18个开放阅读框。多年生向日葵之间的比较分析揭示了常见和多态的简单序列重复（SSR）和单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。将多年生向日葵与普通向日葵进行比较，使我们能够在有丝分裂基因组中确定相似的重排，这些重排可能是在一年生和多年生向日葵物种分化后从共同祖先遗传下来的。值得注意的是，菊芋和向日葵的线粒体基因组与普通向日葵的线粒体基因组相比，彼此之间更为相似。
