Calvo Cristina, Tagarro Alfredo, Méndez Echevarría Ana, Fernández Colomer Belén, Albañil Ballesteros María Rosa, Bassat Quique, Mellado Peña Maria José
Servicio de Pediatría, Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales. Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España.
Red de Investigación traslacional en infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), España.
An Pediatr (Barc). 2021 Nov;95(5):382.e1-382.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.09.006. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
Since the COVID-19 pandemic was declared in March 2020, we have learned a lot about the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, and its role in pediatric pathology.Children are infected in a rate quite similar to adults, although in most cases they suffer mild or asymptomatic symptoms. Around 1% of those infected require hospitalization, less than 0.02% require intensive care, and mortality is very low and generally in children with comorbidities. The most common clinical diagnoses are upper or lower respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infection and, more seriously, multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Most episodes do not require treatment, except for MIS-C. Remdesivir has been widely used as a compassionate treatment and its role has yet to be defined.The newborn can become infected, although vertical transmission is very low (<1%) and it has been shown that the baby can safely cohabit with its mother and be breastfed. In general, neonatal infections have been mild.Primary care has supported a very important part of the management of the pandemic in pediatrics. There has been numerous collateral damage derived from the difficulty of access to care and the isolation suffered by children. The mental health of the pediatric population has been seriously affected. Although it has been shown that schooling has not led to an increase in infections, but rather the opposite. It is essential to continue maintaining the security measures that make schools a safe place, so necessary not only for children's education, but for their health in general.
自2020年3月宣布新冠疫情以来，我们对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）及其在儿科病理学中的作用有了很多了解。儿童感染率与成人相当，不过在大多数情况下，他们症状轻微或无症状。约1%的感染者需要住院治疗，不到0.02%的人需要重症监护，死亡率很低，且通常发生在患有合并症的儿童身上。最常见的临床诊断是上呼吸道或下呼吸道感染、胃肠道感染，更严重的是多系统炎症综合征（MIS-C）。除MIS-C外，大多数病例无需治疗。瑞德西韦已被广泛用作同情用药，但其作用尚未明确。新生儿可能会被感染，尽管垂直传播率很低（<1%），而且已证明婴儿可以与母亲安全共处并接受母乳喂养。一般来说，新生儿感染症状较轻。基层医疗在儿科疫情管理中发挥了非常重要的作用。由于就医困难和儿童遭受隔离，出现了许多附带损害。儿科人群的心理健康受到了严重影响。尽管已表明上学并未导致感染增加，反而起到了相反的作用。继续维持使学校成为安全场所的安全措施至关重要，这不仅对儿童教育必不可少，对他们的总体健康也必不可少。
