Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA; email:
Annu Rev Virol. 2021 Sep 29;8(1):373-391. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-102416.
Over the past decades, there have been tremendous efforts to understand the cross-talk between viruses and host metabolism. Several studies have elucidated the mechanisms through which viral infections manipulate metabolic pathways including glucose, fatty acid, protein, and nucleotide metabolism. These pathways are evolutionarily conserved across the tree of life and extremely important for the host's nutrient utilization and energy production. In this review, we focus on host glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid metabolism and highlight the pathways manipulated by the different classes of viruses to increase their replication. We also explore a new system of viral hormones in which viruses mimic host hormones to manipulate the host endocrine system. We discuss viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides and their potential effects on host metabolism. Together, these pathogenesis mechanisms targeting cellular signaling pathways create a multidimensional network of interactions between host and viral proteins. Defining and better understanding these mechanisms will help us to develop new therapeutic tools to prevent and treat viral infections.
在过去的几十年里，人们付出了巨大的努力来理解病毒和宿主代谢之间的串扰。有几项研究阐明了病毒感染操纵代谢途径的机制，包括葡萄糖、脂肪酸、蛋白质和核苷酸代谢。这些途径在生命之树上是保守的，对宿主的营养利用和能量产生至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们专注于宿主的葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺和脂肪酸代谢，并强调了不同类别的病毒操纵的途径，以增加它们的复制。我们还探讨了一种新的病毒激素系统，其中病毒模拟宿主激素来操纵宿主内分泌系统。我们讨论了病毒胰岛素/IGF-1 样肽及其对宿主代谢的潜在影响。总之，这些针对细胞信号通路的发病机制为宿主和病毒蛋白之间的相互作用创造了一个多维网络。定义和更好地理解这些机制将有助于我们开发新的治疗工具来预防和治疗病毒感染。
